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Shloka 21

Bhūmi-dānasya Māhātmya

The Pre-eminence of Land-Gift

बन्धुओ! तिलका दान करो, जल-दान करो, दीप-दान करो, सदा धर्म करनेके लिये सजग रहो तथा कुट॒म्बीजनोंके साथ सर्वदा धर्मपालनपूर्वक रहकर आनन्दका अनुभव करो। मृत्युके बाद इन सत्कर्मोंसे परलोकमें अत्यन्त दुर्लभ फलकी प्राप्ति होती है ।।

Bhīṣma uvāca: Bandhavo! tilakā-dānaṃ kuru, jala-dānaṃ kuru, dīpa-dānaṃ kuru; sadā dharma-karaṇe sajag bhava, tathā kuṭumbibhiḥ saha sarvadā dharma-pālana-pūrvakaṃ sthitvā ānandaṃ anubhavata. Mṛtyoḥ paścāt ebhiḥ satkarmabhiḥ paraloke atyanta-durlabha-phala-prāptiḥ bhavati. Sarva-dānaiḥ gurutaraṃ sarva-dānaiḥ viśiṣyate pānīyam, naraśārdūla; tasmād dātavyam eva hi.

Bhīṣma nói: Hỡi những người thân tộc, hãy bố thí vừng, hãy bố thí nước, hãy bố thí đèn. Hãy luôn tỉnh thức để hành trì dharma; sống cùng gia thất và quyến thuộc, hãy giữ gìn chính đạo mọi lúc để nếm trải niềm vui chân thật. Sau khi chết, những thiện hạnh ấy đem lại ở đời sau những quả báo cực kỳ hiếm có. Trong mọi sự bố thí, bố thí nước là nặng nhất và vượt hơn tất cả; vì vậy, hỡi bậc trượng phu, nhất định phải bố thí nước.

सर्वदानैःby/among all gifts
सर्वदानैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वदान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
गुरुतरम्greater, weightier
गुरुतरम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगुरुतर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
सर्वदानैःthan all gifts
सर्वदानैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वदान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
विशिष्यतेexcels, is distinguished
विशिष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + शिष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Active (Atmanepada usage)
पानीयम्water (drinkable water)
पानीयम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपानीय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नरशार्दूलO tiger among men
नरशार्दूल:
TypeNoun
Rootनरशार्दूल
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore, from that reason
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
दातव्यम्is to be given, should be given
दातव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormGerundive (तव्यत्), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed, certainly
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हिfor, indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
bandhavaḥ (kinsmen/relatives)
P
pānīya (drinking water)
D
dīpa (lamp/light)
T
tilakā (tilaka/auspicious mark)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that steady vigilance in dharma and regular charitable giving—especially providing drinking water—creates rare and powerful merit that bears fruit after death; among gifts, water-giving is declared the most excellent.

In Anushasana Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues his counsel on righteous conduct and meritorious acts, exhorting the listener (addressed with heroic epithets like ‘tiger among men’) to practice household dharma and prioritize gifts such as water and lamps.