Shloka 20

Adhyāya 59: On Giving to the Asker and Supporting the Non-asking (याचक-अयाचक-दाने धर्मः)

Devanagari script

एतत्‌ ते कथितं सर्वमशेषेण मया नृप । भृगूणां कुशिकानां च अभिसम्बन्धकारणम्‌,नरेश्वर! इस प्रकार मैंने तुमसे भूगुवंशी और कुशिकवंशियोंके परस्पर सम्बन्धका सब कारण पूर्णरूपसे बताया है

Transliteration

etat te kathitaṁ sarvam aśeṣeṇa mayā nṛpa | bhṛgūṇāṁ kuśikānāṁ ca abhisambandha-kāraṇam ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: “Tâu đại vương, nay ta đã kể cho ngài, không bỏ sót điều gì, toàn bộ câu chuyện về nguyên nhân của mối liên hệ qua lại giữa dòng Bhṛgu và dòng Kuśika. Vậy, hỡi bậc chúa tể loài người, lý do của sự gắn kết ấy đã được ta trình bày trọn vẹn.”

Word by Word

• एतत्: this (all this)
• एतत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Dative, Singular

• कथितम्: told/related
• कथितम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: कथ् (कथयति) → कथित
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, Passive (past passive participle)

• सर्वम्: all
• सर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अशेषेण: completely, without remainder
• अशेषेण: Karana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अशेष
• Form: instrumental used adverbially

• मया: by me
• मया: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: Instrumental, Singular

• नृप: O king
• नृप: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• भृगूणाम्: of the Bhṛgus
• भृगूणाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: भृगु
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• कुशिकानाम्: of the Kuśikas
• कुशिकानाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुशिक
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अभिसम्बन्धकारणम्: the cause of (their) mutual connection/relationship
• अभिसम्बन्धकारणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अभिसम्बन्ध-कारण
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• नरेश्वर: O lord of men (king)
• नरेश्वर: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर-ईश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Yudhishthira (implied by address nṛpa/nareśvara)
• Bhṛgu lineage (Bhṛgūṇām)
• Kuśika lineage (Kuśikānām)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse emphasizes completeness and fidelity in instruction: a teacher should convey an account fully and without omission, especially when explaining lineage-relations that ground social and ethical duties (dharma) in the epic’s discourse.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma concludes a genealogical explanation to the king (Yudhishthira), stating that he has finished describing the reason for the interrelationship between the Bhṛgu and Kuśika lineages.