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Shloka 7

गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow

Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode

तिस्त्र: क्षत्रियसम्बन्धाद्‌ द्वयोरात्मास्य जायते । हीनव्णसस्तृतीयायां शूद्रा उग्रा इति स्मृति:

tisraḥ kṣatriya-sambandhād dvayor ātmāsya jāyate | hīna-varṇas tṛtīyāyāṁ śūdrā ugrā iti smṛtiḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Từ sự kết hợp của một Sát-đế-lỵ với ba hạng vợ, truyền thống có nói về con cái. Từ hai người đầu—vợ Sát-đế-lỵ và vợ Phệ-xá—đứa con trai do Sát-đế-lỵ sinh thành được xem là thuộc hàng Sát-đế-lỵ. Nhưng từ người thứ ba, vợ Thủ-đà-la, con cái được nói là có địa vị thấp hơn; Smṛti gọi họ là ‘Ugra’.”

तिस्रःthree
तिस्रः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
क्षत्रियसम्बन्धात्from (the) connection with a Kshatriya
क्षत्रियसम्बन्धात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय-सम्बन्ध
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
द्वयोःof two (wives)
द्वयोः:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि
FormFeminine, Genitive, Dual
आत्माa son/offspring (lit. self)
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्यof him (of that Kshatriya)
अस्य:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
जायतेis born/arises
जायते:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
हीनवर्णःof inferior varna
हीनवर्णः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहीनवर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तृतीयायाम्in the third (wife)
तृतीयायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतृतीय
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
शूद्राःShudras
शूद्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उग्राःUgras (a class/name)
उग्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउग्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
स्मृतिःthe tradition/Smriti (textual authority)
स्मृतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्मृति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
Kṣatriya
V
Vaiśya
Ś
Śūdra
U
Ugra
S
Smṛti

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a Smṛti-based rule about how offspring are classified when a Kṣatriya has wives from different varṇas: sons from Kṣatriya and Vaiśya wives are treated as Kṣatriya, while sons from a Śūdra wife are designated as lower-status and termed ‘Ugra’ in the tradition.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma is instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and social norms. Here he cites traditional dharma-text categories concerning marriage/union and the resulting social designation of children.