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Shloka 40

गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow

Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode

भीष्म उवाच योनिसंकलुषे जातं नानाभावसमन्वितम्‌ । कर्मभि: सज्जनाचीर्ण॑विज्ञेया योनिशुद्धता

bhīṣma uvāca | yoni-saṅkaluṣe jātaṁ nānā-bhāva-samanvitam | karmabhiḥ sajjanācīrṇa-vijñeyā yoni-śuddhatā ||

Bhīṣma đáp: “Yudhiṣṭhira! Kẻ sinh từ dòng giống ô uế thường mang nhiều thói nết và hành vi trái với nếp sống của bậc hiền thiện; bởi vậy phải nhận ra hắn qua việc làm. Cũng như thế, sự thanh sạch của dòng dõi phải được hiểu từ những hành động hợp với chuẩn mực của người tốt.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), Third, Singular
योनि-संकलुषेin a defiled womb/lineage
योनि-संकलुषे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootयोनि-संकलुष
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
जातम्born
जातम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजात
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नाना-भाव-समन्वितम्endowed with various dispositions/states
नाना-भाव-समन्वितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनाना-भाव-समन्वित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कर्मभिःby deeds
कर्मभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
सज्जन-आचीर्ण-विज्ञेयाto be known (as) practiced by the good
सज्जन-आचीर्ण-विज्ञेया:
TypeAdjective
Rootसज्जन-आचीर्ण-विज्ञेय
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
योनि-शुद्धताpurity of womb/lineage
योनि-शुद्धता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोनि-शुद्धता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that moral identity is inferred from conduct: tainted origins tend to manifest in unvirtuous behavior, while purity of origin is recognized through actions aligned with the practices of the virtuous (sajjana). Deeds, not claims, are the practical criterion.

In Bhishma’s instruction to Yudhishthira in the Anushasana Parva, he is laying down ethical criteria for judging character and social standing, emphasizing observable behavior as the basis for assessing purity or impurity of one’s background.