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Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 54

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

भरतभूषण नरेश! वैश्यके धनको पाँच भागोंमें विभक्त करना चाहिये। फिर वैश्या और शूद्राके पुत्रोमें उस धनका विभाजन कैसे करना चाहिये, यह बताता हूँ ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | vaiśyaputreṇa hartavyāś catvāro bhāgāḥ pitur dhanāt | pañcamas tu smṛto bhāgaḥ śūdrāputrāya bhārata ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Hỡi Bhārata, vẻ rạng ngời của dòng Bharata! Trong tài sản của người cha thuộc giai cấp Vaiśya, người con sinh bởi người vợ Vaiśyā được nhận bốn phần; phần thứ năm được truyền nhớ là thuộc về người con sinh bởi người phụ nữ Śūdrā. Ấy là phép chia gia sản theo điều luật đã được ghi nhớ.”

वैश्यापुत्रेणby the Vaiśya’s son
वैश्यापुत्रेण:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्यापुत्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
हर्तव्याis to be taken/should be taken
हर्तव्या:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootहृ (हर्)
Formतव्यत् (gerundive/obligative), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
चत्वारःfour (parts)
चत्वारः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भागाःshares/portions
भागाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पितुःof the father
पितुः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
धनात्from the wealth
धनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
पञ्चमःthe fifth
पञ्चमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
स्मृतःis declared/remembered (as)
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
भागःa share/portion
भागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रापुत्रायfor the Śūdra’s son
शूद्रापुत्राय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रापुत्र
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
भारतO Bhārata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Bhārata (Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
V
Vaiśya
Ś
Śūdrā
P
paternal wealth (pitur dhanam)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma states a Smṛti-style rule for dividing a Vaiśya father’s property: four shares go to the son born of a Vaiśyā, while one share is allotted to the son born of a Śūdrā, presenting a graded inheritance scheme tied to social categories.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s dharma-instruction, Bhishma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on legal-ethical norms, here specifying how paternal wealth should be apportioned among sons of different maternal status.