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Shloka 20

Varṇasaṃkara: Causes, Classifications, and Conduct-based Recognition (वर्णसंकरः—हेतु-जाति-आचारनिर्णयः)

आर्षे गोमिथुनं शुल्क केचिदाहुर्मुषैव तत्‌ । अल्पो वा बहु वा राजन्‌ विक्रयस्तावदेव स:

ārṣe gomithunaṁ śulkaṁ kecid āhur muṣaiva tat | alpo vā bahu vā rājan vikrayas tāvad eva saḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Tâu đại vương, có kẻ cho rằng trong hôn phối kiểu Ārṣa, sính lễ được định là một đôi gia súc—một bò cái và một bò đực. Nhưng đó thực là một quan niệm sai lầm; bởi dù khoản trả ít hay nhiều, rốt cuộc cũng chỉ là một điều: biến thành việc bán cô gái.”

आर्षेin the Ārṣa (form of marriage)
आर्षे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्ष
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
गोमिथुनम्a pair of cattle (cow-and-bull pair)
गोमिथुनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगोमिथुन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शुल्कम्as bride-price / fee
शुल्कम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशुल्क
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
केचित्some (people)
केचित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Root
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
आहुःsay / declare
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, 3, Plural
मुषाfalsely / untruly
मुषा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुषा
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तत्that (statement/practice)
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अल्पःsmall (amount)
अल्पः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअल्प
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
बहुःlarge (amount)
बहुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
विक्रयःsale
विक्रयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविक्रय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तावत्to that extent / just so much
तावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतावत्
एवindeed / only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सःthat (act) / it
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājan (the king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira)
Ā
Ārṣa marriage (ārṣa-vivāha)
C
cow (go)
B
bull (vṛṣabha implied by gomithuna)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches that taking any payment as a condition of marriage—whether small or large—turns the act into a ‘sale’ (vikraya) of the bride, and is therefore ethically and dharmically objectionable, even if some try to justify it under the label of Ārṣa marriage.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s dharma-instruction, Bhīṣma addresses the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) and clarifies a disputed point about the Ārṣa form of marriage: he rejects the idea that giving a cow and bull as ‘śulka’ is a valid prescription, arguing that it effectively constitutes commercialization of the maiden.