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Shloka 17

Varṇasaṃkara: Causes, Classifications, and Conduct-based Recognition (वर्णसंकरः—हेतु-जाति-आचारनिर्णयः)

अत्र गाथा यमोदगीता: कीर्तयन्ति पुराविद: । धर्मज्ञा धर्मशास्त्रेषु निबद्धा धर्मसेतुषु

atra gāthā yamodgītāḥ kīrtayanti purāvidaḥ | dharmajñā dharmaśāstreṣu nibaddhā dharmasetuṣu ||

Tại đây, những bậc học giả am tường truyền thống cổ—những người tinh tường về dharma, vững vàng trong các luận thư về chính đạo và trong những ranh giới đã được thiết lập của trật tự luân lý—đọc tụng những bài kệ được truyền rằng do Yama cất lên.

अत्रhere, in this context
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
Formindeclinable (locative sense)
गाथाa verse, song (gāthā)
गाथा:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगाथा
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
यम-उद्गीताsung/uttered by Yama
यम-उद्गीता:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootयम-उद्गीत
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
कीर्तयन्तिthey recount, they proclaim
कीर्तयन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकीर्तय्
Formpresent tense (laṭ), parasmaipada, 3rd person, plural
पुरा-विदःknowers of ancient lore/tradition
पुरा-विदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुराविद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
धर्म-ज्ञाःknowers of dharma
धर्म-ज्ञाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मज्ञ
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
धर्म-शास्त्रेषुin the dharma-texts
धर्म-शास्त्रेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मशास्त्र
Formneuter, locative, plural
निबद्धाःfixed/established, grounded
निबद्धाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-बन्ध्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural (past passive participle)
धर्म-सेतुषुin the boundaries/bridges of dharma (moral restraints)
धर्म-सेतुषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मसेतु
Formmasculine, locative, plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yama

Educational Q&A

Ethical instruction should be grounded in recognized authorities: ancient tradition (purā), dharma-texts (dharmaśāstra), and the established limits that sustain social and moral order (dharmasetu). By citing Yama, the verse frames the coming teaching as a reliable standard of dharma.

Bhīṣma, while instructing on dharma in the Anuśāsana Parva, introduces a traditional set of didactic stanzas attributed to Yama. He notes that learned authorities recite these verses, preparing the listener for an authoritative moral exposition.