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Shloka 13

Strī-satkāra (On honoring women) — Mahābhārata 13.46

तत्‌ त्वया मम यत्‌ कर्म व्यभिचाराद्‌ भयात्मकम्‌ | नाख्यातमिति जानन्तस्ते त्वामाहुस्तथा द्विज,त्वयाशक्या च दुर्वृक्त्या रक्षितुं प्रमदा द्विज । नच त्वं कृतवान्‌ किंचिदत: प्रीतो5स्मि तेन ते

tat tvayā mama yat karma vyabhicārād bhayātmakam | nākhyātam iti jānantas te tvām āhus tathā dvija | tvayāśakyā ca durvṛktyā rakṣituṁ pramadā dvija | na ca tvaṁ kṛtavān kiñcid ataḥ prīto ’smi tena te ||

Vipula nói: “Việc ấy của ta, phát sinh từ nỗi sợ phạm điều trái, mà ông đã không nói ra—biết vậy nên người đời mới nói về ông như thế, hỡi bậc lưỡng sinh. Và quả thật, bằng lời lẽ cay nghiệt thì không thể bảo hộ người nữ được, hỡi Bà-la-môn. Nhưng ông chẳng làm điều gì sai trái; vì thế ta hài lòng về ông ở điểm ấy.”

तत्that (thing)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Forminstrumental, singular
ममof me / my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formgenitive, singular
यत्which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
कर्मact, deed
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
व्यभिचारात्from transgression/infidelity
व्यभिचारात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootव्यभिचार
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
भयात्मकम्consisting of fear; fearful
भयात्मकम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootभयात्मक
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आख्यातम्told, declared
आख्यातम्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-ख्या (धातु: ख्या)
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular, past passive participle
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
जानन्तःknowing
जानन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formmasculine, nominative, plural, present active participle
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Formaccusative, singular
आहुःsaid, called
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
Formperfect, 3rd, plural, parasmaipada
तथाthus, in that way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
द्विजO brahmin
द्विज:
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Forminstrumental, singular
अशक्याnot possible (to be done)
अशक्या:
TypeAdjective
Rootअशक्य
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दुर्वृक्त्याby harsh speech / ill-utterance
दुर्वृक्त्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्वृक्ति
Formfeminine, instrumental, singular
रक्षितुम्to protect
रक्षितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
Forminfinitive (tumun)
प्रमदाa woman
प्रमदा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमदा
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
द्विजO brahmin
द्विज:
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Formnominative, singular
कृतवान्having done
कृतवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular, past active participle
किञ्चित्anything
किञ्चित्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अतःtherefore, hence
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
प्रीतःpleased, satisfied
प्रीतः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्री
Formmasculine, nominative, singular, past passive participle (used adjectivally)
अस्मिI am
अस्मि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
Formpresent, 1st, singular, parasmaipada
तेनby that; for that reason
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter/masculine, instrumental, singular
तेto you / of you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Formdative/genitive, singular

विपुल उवाच

V
Vipula
D
dvija (brāhmaṇa)
P
pramadā (woman)

Educational Q&A

Protection and moral guidance should not rely on harsh speech; restraint and right conduct matter more than scolding. Also, one should not be blamed for wrongdoing when one has not actually acted wrongly.

Vipula addresses a brāhmaṇa, referring to an earlier fear-driven act that the brāhmaṇa did not reveal. Vipula notes that people judge the brāhmaṇa based on this, but affirms that harsh words cannot truly safeguard a woman and concludes that the brāhmaṇa did nothing blameworthy, expressing approval.