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Shloka 20

Śulka, Kanyā, and Dauhitra-Riktha: Discourse on Bride-Price and Inheritance Rights (शुल्क-कन्या-दौहित्र-रिक्थविचारः)

तयोर्विस्पर्थतोरेवे शपथो5यमभूत्‌ तदा । सहसोद्दिश्य विपुलं ततो वाक्यमथोचतु:

tayor vispartator eva śapatho 'yam abhūt tadā | sahasoddhiśya vipulaṃ tato vākyam athocatuḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: Khi hai người ấy còn tiếp tục tranh đua với nhau, lời thề này liền được lập ra vào lúc bấy giờ. Rồi sau đó, với ý chí táo bạo và mạnh mẽ, họ thốt ra những lời hệ trọng—những lời sẽ ràng buộc hành vi của họ và định hình những điều xảy đến về sau.

तयोःof those two
तयोः:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formcommon, genitive, dual
विस्पर्धतोःof the two who were contending/rivaling
विस्पर्धतोः:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootविस्पर्ध्
Formcommon, genitive, dual, शतृ (present active participle)
इवas if/like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
शपथःan oath
शपथः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशपथ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अभूत्arose/occurred/was
अभूत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formaorist (luṅ), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
सहसाsuddenly/impetuously
सहसा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा
उद्दिश्यhaving indicated/aiming at
उद्दिश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-√दिश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
विपुलम्vast/great (thing)
विपुलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविपुल
Formneuter, accusative, singular
ततःthereupon/from that
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
वाक्यम्speech/words
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
ऊचतुःthe two said
ऊचतुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formperfect (liṭ), 3rd, dual, parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
T
two unnamed disputants (tayoḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how contention can culminate in binding vows, and how speech—especially an oath—creates moral and practical obligations. It implicitly warns that forceful words spoken in the heat of rivalry can determine future conduct and consequences.

Bhīṣma narrates that two individuals are engaged in a contest or dispute. In that context an oath is made, and then the two deliver a significant statement—suggesting a turning point where their rivalry becomes formalized through a vow.