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Shloka 10

Adhyāya 39 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s inquiry on attachment (saṅga) and relational restraint

एतत्‌ पृथिव्याममृतमेतच्चक्षुरनुत्तमम्‌ । यद्‌ ब्राह्मणमुखात्‌ शास्त्रमिह श्रुत्वा प्रवर्तते

etat pṛthivyām amṛtam etac cakṣur anuttamam | yad brāhmaṇamukhāt śāstram iha śrutvā pravartate ||

Đây là cam lộ tối thượng trên mặt đất, và đây là “con mắt” phân biệt vô song: rằng một người, sau khi nghe giáo huấn của śāstra từ miệng một brāhmaṇa, liền tự mình hành xử đúng theo đó ngay trong đời này. Nói cách khác, sự bất tử chân thật và thị kiến chân thật ở đây được đạt nhờ lắng nghe lời chỉ dạy có thẩm quyền và biến nó thành thực hành của mình.

एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पृथिव्याम्on earth
पृथिव्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
अमृतम्nectar; immortality; supreme good
अमृतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
चक्षुःeye; vision
चक्षुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचक्षुस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अनुत्तमम्unsurpassed; best
अनुत्तमम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुत्तम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यत्which; that (relative)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणमुखात्from the mouth of a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणमुखात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण-मुख
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
शास्त्रम्teaching; scripture; instruction
शास्त्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इहhere; in this world/life
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
प्रवर्ततेacts; proceeds; engages (accordingly)
प्रवर्तते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√वृत्
FormLat, Present, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

शम्बर उवाच

शम्बर (Śambara)
ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa)
शास्त्र (śāstra)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the highest benefit in human life is not merely hearing sacred instruction, but hearing it from a qualified brāhmaṇa-teacher and then embodying it in conduct. Such lived adherence to śāstra is called the supreme ‘amṛta’ (life-giving, death-transcending good) and the supreme ‘eye’ (clear moral discernment).

Śambara is speaking and praises the transformative power of receiving śāstric guidance from a brāhmaṇa and acting upon it. The statement functions as a didactic affirmation within Anuśāsana Parva’s broader emphasis on instruction (anuśāsana), ethical discipline, and the authority of dharma-teaching.