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Shloka 12

पात्रलक्षण-परिक्षा (Pātra-Lakṣaṇa Parīkṣā) — Criteria for a Worthy Recipient

यतक्षायं प्रभवति प्रेत्य यत्र च गच्छति । वेदैष मार्ग स्वर्गस्य तथैव नरकस्य च

yat kṣayāyaṁ prabhavati pretya yatra ca gacchati | vedaiṣa mārgaḥ svargasya tathaiva narakasya ca ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Nguyên lý mà từ đó một hữu tình sinh khởi, và sau khi chết lại đi về đó—cùng với con đường Veda dẫn đến thiên giới, và cũng chính con đường dẫn đến địa ngục—tất cả đều phải được nhận biết qua Veda. Trong lời dạy này, Bhīṣma nhấn mạnh rằng sự ưu thắng chân thật nằm ở chỗ biết dharma và sống theo dharma; bởi tri kiến ấy dẫn dắt nguồn gốc, hạnh nghiệp và đích đến cuối cùng.”

यत्that (which)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
क्षयम्destruction, end
क्षयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रभवतिarises, comes to be
प्रभवति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + भू
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Indicative
प्रेत्यhaving departed (after death)
प्रेत्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र + इ
FormGerund (absolutive) used adverbially
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
FormRelative adverb
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormConjunction
गच्छतिgoes
गच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Indicative
वेदknows
वेद:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect (present sense), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Indicative
एषःthis (one/this)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मार्गःpath, way
मार्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमार्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वर्गस्यof heaven
स्वर्गस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तथाthus, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
FormAdverb
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
FormParticle
नरकस्यof hell
नरकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootनरक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormConjunction

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
Veda
S
Svarga
N
Naraka

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches that the Veda is the authoritative guide to understanding a being’s origin and post-death destination, and to discerning the moral pathways that lead to heaven (svarga) or hell (naraka). Ethical living is therefore inseparable from right knowledge of dharma.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma continues his instruction on dharma. Here he frames the discussion in terms of ultimate outcomes—where one comes from and where one goes after death—linking these to Vedic knowledge of the paths of merit and demerit.