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Shloka 20

Brāhmaṇa-mahattva and Atithi-Dharma

Brahmagītā: Praise of Brāhmaṇas and norms of honor

श्येन उवाच न वराहं न चोक्षाणं न चान्यान्‌ विविधान्‌ द्विजान्‌ | भ्रक्षयामि महाराज किमन्याद्येन तेन मे

śyena uvāca na varāhaṁ na cokṣāṇaṁ na cānyān vividhān dvijān | bhakṣayāmi mahārāja kim anyādyena tena me ||

Chim ưng nói: “Muôn tâu đại vương, ta không ăn thịt lợn rừng, không ăn bò, cũng không ăn các loài chim khác đủ loại. Cớ sao ta phải lấy thứ vốn là phần ăn thích đáng của kẻ khác mà biến thành của mình?”

श्येनःthe hawk
श्येनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्येन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वराहम्a boar
वराहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवराह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उक्षाणम्an ox/bull
उक्षाणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउक्षन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यान्other
अन्यान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विविधान्various
विविधान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविविध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
द्विजान्birds (lit. twice-born)
द्विजान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भक्षयामिI eat/devour
भक्षयामि:
TypeVerb
Rootभक्ष्
FormPresent, 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अन्यत्other (thing)
अन्यत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अद्यtoday/now
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
एतेनwith this/by this
एतेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
तेनwith that/by that
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
मेfor me/to me (also: of me)
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative/Genitive, Singular

श्येन उवाच

Ś
Śyena (hawk)
M
Mahārāja (king, addressee)
V
varāha (boar)
U
ukṣāṇa (ox/bull)
D
dvija (birds)

Educational Q&A

The verse argues for acting according to one’s own rightful nature and sustenance (svadharma): the hawk refuses foods that are not its proper fare and questions the ethics of taking what belongs to another’s rightful share.

In a dialogue addressed to a king, the hawk explains its dietary rule: it will not eat boar, ox, or other birds; it insists on its own appropriate prey and rejects the idea of appropriating another creature’s rightful food.