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Shloka 4

Vītahavya’s Attainment of Brāhmaṇya (Vītahavya–Vipratva) | वीतहव्यस्य ब्राह्मण्यप्राप्तिः

न हि शबक्‍्यं त्वया प्राप्तुं ब्राह्मण्यमिह दुर्मते । अप्राप्यं प्रार्थथानो हि नचिराद्‌ विनशिष्यसि

na hi śakyaṃ tvayā prāptuṃ brāhmaṇyam iha durmate | aprāpyaṃ prārthayāno hi nacirād vinaśiṣyasi ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Kẻ lầm lạc kia, ngay trong đời này ngươi không thể đạt được phẩm hạnh và địa vị của một brāhmaṇa chân chính. Cứ khát cầu và van xin điều vốn không thể đạt, chẳng bao lâu ngươi sẽ đi đến diệt vong.”

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
शक्यम्possible
शक्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशक्य
Formneuter, nominative, singular
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, instrumental, singular
प्राप्तुम्to obtain
प्राप्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
Forminfinitive (tumun)
ब्राह्मण्यम्Brahminhood
ब्राह्मण्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण्य
Formneuter, accusative, singular
इहhere/in this life
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
दुर्मतेO evil-minded one
दुर्मते:
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्मति
Formfeminine, vocative, singular
अप्राप्यम्unattainable
अप्राप्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-प्राप्य
Formneuter, accusative, singular
प्रार्थमानःpraying/asking
प्रार्थमानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-अर्थ्
Formpresent active participle, masculine, nominative, singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चिरात्before long/soon
चिरात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचिर
Formablatival adverb (from चिर)
विनशिष्यसिyou will perish
विनशिष्यसि:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-नश्
Formfuture (simple future), 2nd, singular, parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma warns that spiritual-ethical status (here, brāhmaṇya as character and discipline) is not gained by mere wishing; when one seeks an unattainable goal without the requisite qualifications and conduct, the pursuit becomes self-destructive and leads to downfall.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction within the Anuśāsana Parva, he rebukes an addressed person as “durmati” and declares that the person cannot attain brāhmaṇya in this life; continuing to implore for it despite lacking the basis will quickly end in ruin.