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Shloka 3

Pātra-Lakṣaṇa and Niścita-Dharma

Marks of a Worthy Recipient and Stable Criteria of Dharma

रूयुवाच द्यावापृथिव्योर्यत्रैषा काम्या ब्राह्मणसत्तम | शृणुष्वावहितः सर्व यदिदं सत्यविक्रम

bhīṣma uvāca | dyāvāpṛthivyor yatraiṣā kāmyā brāhmaṇasattama | śṛṇuṣvāvahitaḥ sarvaṃ yad idaṃ satyavikrama ||

Người đàn bà nói: “Hỡi bậc tối thượng trong hàng bà-la-môn! Dù ở cõi trời hay cõi người—nơi nào có nam và nữ cư trú—thì khát vọng kết hợp lẫn nhau vẫn luôn tồn tại. Hỡi người dũng mãnh trong chân thật, hãy lắng nghe chăm chú: ta sẽ nói rõ nguyên nhân của cuộc ‘trò diễn’ biến hóa hình dạng này.”

रुयुRuyu (proper name, the speaker)
रुयु:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरुयु
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
द्यावाof the two heavens (sky)
द्यावा:
TypeNoun
Rootद्याव्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Dual
पृथिव्योःof the two earths (earth)
पृथिव्योः:
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Genitive, Dual
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
एषाthis (she/this desire)
एषा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
काम्याdesirable, wished-for
काम्या:
TypeAdjective
Rootकाम्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मण-सत्तमO best of Brahmins
ब्राह्मण-सत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणसत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
शृणुष्वlisten
शृणुष्व:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular, Atmanepada
अवहितःattentive, composed
अवहितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअवहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वम्all (of it)
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यत्which, what
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सत्य-विक्रमO true-in-valour / O of steadfast prowess
सत्य-विक्रम:
TypeNoun
Rootसत्यविक्रम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmin (addressed as brāhmaṇasattama)
H
Heaven (Dyauḥ / Svarga)
E
Earth (Pṛthivī / Martya-loka)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames kāma (desire for union) as a pervasive human condition across realms, and it prepares an ethical explanation: extraordinary events (like transformations) are to be understood through their underlying causes rather than mere spectacle.

Bhishma addresses a Brahmin and asks him to listen attentively, introducing an account that will explain why a sequence of ‘transformations’ or changes of form occurred, grounding the story in motive and causation.