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Shloka 74

Chapter 2: Sudarśana Upākhyāna — Atithi-Dharma and the Conquest of Mṛtyu

Gṛhastha-Vrata

नित्यमेव हि पश्यन्ति देहिनां देहसंश्रिता: । सुकृतं दुष्कृतं चापि कर्म धर्मभूतां वर

nityam eva hi paśyanti dehināṁ dehasaṁśritāḥ | sukṛtaṁ duṣkṛtaṁ cāpi karma dharmabhūtāṁ vara ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Quả thật, những chứng nhân nương trú trong thân của hữu tình luôn quan sát mọi hành vi—cả thiện lẫn ác. Hỡi bậc tối thượng trong người hành trì chánh pháp, các yếu tố thường hằng hiện diện trong thân này đứng làm lời chứng không dứt cho hạnh kiểm của mỗi người.”

नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हिfor/indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
पश्यन्तिthey see/observe
पश्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formलट्, present indicative, 3, plural, परस्मैपद
देहिनाम्of embodied beings
देहिनाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदेहिन्
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
देहbody
देह:
TypeNoun
Rootदेह
Formmasculine
संश्रिताःresiding in/attached to
संश्रिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसं-श्रि
Formक्त (past passive participle), masculine, nominative, plural
सुकृतम्good deed/merit
सुकृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसु-कृत
Formneuter, accusative, singular
दुष्कृतम्evil deed/demerit
दुष्कृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुष्-कृत
Formneuter, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
कर्मaction/deed
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
धर्मभूतम्having the nature of dharma / as (a matter of) dharma
धर्मभूतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म-भूत
Formक्त (भूत as past participle used adjectivally), neuter, accusative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
D
deha (body)
D
dehin (embodied being)

Educational Q&A

Actions are continuously witnessed from within embodied existence; both merit and sin are observed and thus carry inevitable ethical consequence. The verse underscores inbuilt accountability: one cannot truly hide one’s conduct, because the very conditions of embodied life function as constant testimony.

Bhishma is instructing a listener addressed as ‘best of the righteous’ about dharma and karma. He frames moral life as supervised by ever-present internal witnesses associated with the body, setting up a broader teaching on ethical conduct and responsibility.