Shloka 30

Chapter 2: Sudarśana Upākhyāna — Atithi-Dharma and the Conquest of Mṛtyu

Gṛhastha-Vrata

Devanagari script

ततः स राजा तत्‌ श्रुत्वा वचन ब्रह्म॒वादिनाम्‌ । अवाप्य परम॑ हर्ष तथेति प्राह बुद्धिमान्‌

Transliteration

tataḥ sa rājā tat śrutvā vacanaṁ brahmavādinām | avāpya paramaṁ harṣaṁ tatheti prāha buddhimān ||

Translation

Nghe lời các hiền triết thông đạt Phạm ngôn, nhà vua khôn ngoan ấy tràn đầy hoan hỷ tối thượng và đáp: “Được như vậy,” rồi chấp thuận lời cầu hôn.

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• राजा: king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)

• वचनम्: speech/word
• वचनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचन
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• ब्रह्मवादिनाम्: of the Brahma-speaking sages (brahmavādins)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मवादिन्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• अवाप्य: having obtained/attained
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव + आप्
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)

• परमम्: supreme/great
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• हर्षम्: joy/delight
• हर्षम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: हर्ष
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• तथा: thus/so
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• इति: thus (quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• प्राह: said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + अह्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• बुद्धिमान्: wise/intelligent
• बुद्धिमान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बुद्धिमत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma (speaker)
• the king (unnamed in this verse)
• brahmavādins (sages)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A righteous ruler should listen to spiritually grounded counsel and respond with clear, disciplined assent; wise acceptance (tathāstu) reflects alignment with dharma rather than mere emotion.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma narrates that the king hears the sages’ statement, becomes greatly pleased, and formally agrees by saying “tathāstu,” indicating acceptance of the proposal presented to him.