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Shloka 20

विषयस्थ: शरीरेषु स मृत्यु: प्राणिनामिह । स च वायु: शरीरेषु प्राणापानशरीरिणाम्‌,वे प्राणियोंके शरीरोंमें रहनेवाले और उनके मृत्युरूप हैं तथा वे ही प्राण-अपान आदि वायुके रूपसे देहके भीतर निवास करते हैं

viṣayasthaḥ śarīreṣu sa mṛtyuḥ prāṇinām iha | sa ca vāyuḥ śarīreṣu prāṇāpānaśarīriṇām ||

Thần Vāyu nói: “Ngự trong thân thể các hữu tình như sức lực vận hành giữa các đối tượng của giác quan, Ngài trở thành chính Tử thần của họ ở đời này. Và cũng nguyên lý ấy, khi là Vāyu trong thân, cư trú trong các sinh linh dưới những dạng prāṇa và apāna (cùng các luồng khí sinh mệnh khác).”

विषयस्थःsituated in the objects (of sense)
विषयस्थः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविषय-स्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शरीरेषुin (the) bodies
शरीरेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
सःhe/that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मृत्युःdeath
मृत्युः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राणिनाम्of living beings
प्राणिनाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
इहhere (in this world)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
सःhe/that (same one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वायुःwind; vital air
वायुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शरीरेषुin (the) bodies
शरीरेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
प्राणापानशरीरिणाम्of those embodied with prāṇa and apāna (i.e., living beings)
प्राणापानशरीरिणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण-अपान-शरीरिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

वायुदेव उवाच

वायुदेव (Vāyu-deva)
मृत्यु (Mṛtyu)
वायु (Vāyu)
प्राण (Prāṇa)
अपान (Apāna)

Educational Q&A

The verse links sensory entanglement (viṣaya-stha) with mortality: when life is driven by sense-objects, the same inner force becomes ‘Death’ for embodied beings. It also teaches that the vital principle within the body is Vāyu functioning as prāṇa and apāna—highlighting the ethical need for restraint and right use of the senses to sustain life and dharma.

Vāyu-deva is speaking in Anuśāsana Parva, explaining the inner workings of embodied life: the presence of Vāyu within beings as the vital airs (prāṇa, apāna, etc.) and how, when bound up with sense-objects, that same force is described as taking the form of death for creatures in the world.