Shloka 2

Devanagari script

मदस्यास्यमनुप्राप्ता यदा सेन्द्रा दिवौकस: । तदैव च्यवनेनेह हृता तेषां वसुन्धरा

Transliteration

madasyāsyam anuprāptā yadā sendrā divaukasaḥ | tadaiva cyavaneneha hṛtā teṣāṃ vasundharā ||

Translation

Bhishma nói: “Khi các chư thần, với Indra đứng đầu, rơi vào miệng của Mada (say mê/kiêu mạn), ngay lúc ấy hiền triết Cyavana đã tước đoạt quyền thống trị mặt đất của họ.”

Word by Word

• मदस्य: of Mada (a daitya/being named Mada)
• मदस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• आस्यम्: mouth
• आस्यम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आस्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अनुप्राप्ताः: having entered/come into
• अनुप्राप्ताः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु-प्र-आप्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• यदा: when
• यदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा

• सेन्द्राः: together with Indra
• सेन्द्राः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-इन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• दिवौकसः: the dwellers of heaven (gods)
• दिवौकसः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिवौकस्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च्यवनेन: by Cyavana (the sage)
• च्यवनेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: च्यवन
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• इह: here/in this world
• इह: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह

• हृता: was taken away
• Type: Verb
• Root: हृ
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• तेषाम्: of them/their
• तेषाम्: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• वसुन्धरा: the earth/land
• वसुन्धरा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसुन्धरा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Indra
• Divaukasaḥ (the gods)
• Mada (personified pride/intoxication)
• Cyavana
• Vasundharā (the earth)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even the gods lose their rightful power when overcome by mada (pride/intoxication); ethical restraint and humility are necessary for maintaining authority, and ascetic merit can check divine arrogance.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma recalls a moment when the gods, led by Indra, became ensnared by Mada; simultaneously, the sage Cyavana, through his spiritual power, stripped them of their control over the earth.