Shloka 9

Devanagari script

परम यो महत्तेज: परम॑ यो महत्तप: । परम॑ं यो महदब्रह्म परमं यः परायणम्‌

Transliteration

parama yo mahāttejaḥ paramaṁ yo mahātapaḥ | paramaṁ yo mahad brahma paramaṁ yaḥ parāyaṇam ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: Ngài là tối thượng—tối thượng về uy quang (tejas), tối thượng về khổ hạnh (tapas); Ngài là bậc cao nhất, chính Đại Phạm (Brahman) bao la, và là nơi nương tựa rốt ráo cùng mục đích cuối cùng.

Word by Word

• परमः: supreme
• परमः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महत्तेजाः: of great splendor/energy
• महत्तेजाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महत्तेजस्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• परमः: supreme
• परमः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महत्तपाः: of great austerity
• महत्तपाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महत्तपस्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• परमम्: supreme
• परमम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महद्ब्रह्म: the great Brahman (absolute)
• महद्ब्रह्म: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महद्ब्रह्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• परमम्: supreme
• परमम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• परायणम्: the highest refuge/ultimate goal
• परायणम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: परायण
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Brahman (the Absolute)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse exalts the Supreme as the source of true spiritual brilliance (tejas) and disciplined power (tapas), identifying that Supreme with the vast Brahman and presenting it as the final refuge and goal for a life aligned with dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma continues his instruction on dharma and higher spiritual principles; here he praises the Supreme reality, describing it with superlative attributes and as the ultimate destination for seekers.