Shloka 68

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

Devanagari script

यजनं याजनं चैव तथा दानप्रतिग्रहौ । अध्यापनं चाध्ययनं षट्कर्मा धर्मभाग्‌ द्विज:

Transliteration

yajanaṃ yājanaṃ caiva tathā dāna-pratigrahau | adhyāpanaṃ cādhyayanaṃ ṣaṭkarmā dharma-bhāg dvijaḥ ||

Translation

Śrī Maheśvara nói: “Tự mình cử hành tế lễ, chủ tế cho người khác, bố thí, thọ nhận lễ vật, dạy Veda và học Veda—đó là sáu bổn phận. Một bậc ‘nhị sinh’ (Bà-la-môn) nương tựa sáu việc ấy sẽ được dự phần vào Dharma, gìn giữ trật tự đạo đức và nghi lễ của xã hội bằng học tập có kỷ luật, sự dẫn dắt, và sự trao tặng–tiếp nhận đúng phép.”

Word by Word

• यजनम्: sacrificing; performing a sacrifice
• यजनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: यजन (यज्)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• याजनम्: causing/assisting sacrifice; officiating for others
• याजनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: याजन (यज्)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed; just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• तथा: likewise; so
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• दान: giving; gift
• दान: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• प्रतिग्रहौ: acceptance (of gifts) (twofold/paired with giving in the list)
• प्रतिग्रहौ: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रतिग्रह
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• अध्यापनम्: teaching (the Veda)
• अध्यापनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्यापन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अध्ययनम्: studying (the Veda)
• अध्ययनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्ययन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• षट्कर्मा: one whose duties are sixfold; performer of six acts
• षट्कर्मा: Karta
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: षट् + कर्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• धर्मभाग्: partaker of dharma; entitled to merit
• धर्मभाग्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्म + भागिन्/भाग (भाग् as stem)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• द्विजः: a twice-born (Brahmin)
• द्विजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śrī Maheśvara (Mahādeva/Śiva)
• dvija (brāhmaṇa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse defines the brāhmaṇa’s sixfold dharmic duties—sacrificing, officiating, giving, accepting, teaching, and studying—and states that one who lives by these becomes a legitimate bearer and beneficiary of dharma, supporting social and spiritual order through learning, ritual responsibility, and regulated generosity.

What is happening in the narrative?

Śrī Maheśvara is instructing about dharma by outlining the normative conduct (ṣaṭkarman) expected of a dvija/brāhmaṇa, presenting a concise rule of life that links personal discipline and public service to participation in dharma.