Shloka 37

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

Devanagari script

गुरुणा चाभ्यनुज्ञात: समावर्तेत वै द्विज: । विन्देतानन्तरं भार्यामनुरूपां यथाविधि

Transliteration

guruṇā cābhyanujñātaḥ samāvarteta vai dvijaḥ | vindetānantaraṃ bhāryām anurūpāṃ yathāvidhi ||

Translation

Đại Tự Tại (Maheśvara) phán: “Khi thời kỳ brahmacarya (phạm hạnh của người học trò) đã mãn, người ‘hai lần sinh’ (dvija), sau khi được thầy cho phép, phải cử hành lễ samāvartana (lễ tốt nghiệp rời đời học trò). Rồi trở về nếp sống gia thất, theo đúng nghi lễ đã định, hãy cưới một người vợ xứng hợp với địa vị của mình.”

Word by Word

• गुरुणा: by the teacher
• गुरुणा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुरु
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अभ्यनुज्ञातः: permitted/authorized
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि + अनु + √ज्ञा
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• समावर्तेत: should perform the samāvartana/return (from studentship)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + आ + √वृत्
• Form: Vidhi-lin (optative), Third, Singular, Atmanepada

• वै: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• द्विजः: a twice-born (Brahmin/Kshatriya/Vaishya)
• द्विजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विन्देत: should obtain/find
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विद् (लभे/विन्दति)
• Form: Vidhi-lin (optative), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• अनन्तरम्: after that/thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनन्तर

• भार्याम्: wife
• भार्याम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्या
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• अनुरूपाम्: suitable/compatible
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनुरूप
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• यथा: as/according to
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• विधि: rule/rite/procedure
• विधि: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधि
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

Speaker

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śrī-Maheśvara
• guru
• dvija
• bhāryā

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse lays down āśrama-dharma: after completing brahmacarya, one should not act independently but seek the guru’s consent, formally conclude studentship through samāvartana, and then enter gṛhastha life through a lawful, ritually sanctioned marriage with a suitable partner.

What is happening in the narrative?

Śrī-Maheśvara is instructing on proper conduct and life-stages. He describes the transition from student life to household life: permission from the teacher, the rite of samāvartana, and then marriage performed according to prescribed rules.