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Shloka 31

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

उपवास: सदा धर्मो ब्राह्मणस्य न संशय: । स हि धर्मार्थसम्पन्नो ब्रह्म भूयाय कल्पते

upavāsaḥ sadā dharmo brāhmaṇasya na saṁśayaḥ | sa hi dharmārthasampanno brahma bhūyāya kalpate ||

Maheshvara nói: “Đối với một brāhmaṇa, việc giữ upavāsa—hiểu là sự tiết chế kỷ luật đối với các căn—luôn là một hình thức của dharma; điều này không nghi ngờ gì. Một brāhmaṇa đầy đủ dharma và artha (hạnh kiểm chân chính và phương tiện chân chính) trở nên xứng đáng để đạt đến trạng thái Brahman.”

उपवासःfasting; (sense-)restraint
उपवासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपवास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
धर्मःduty; righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणस्यof a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe; that (Brahmin)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed; for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
धर्मार्थसम्पन्नःendowed with dharma and artha
धर्मार्थसम्पन्नः:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मार्थसम्पन्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्रह्मBrahman; the Absolute
ब्रह्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भूयायmay become; may attain
भूयाय:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कल्पतेis fit; is capable; is destined
कल्पते:
TypeVerb
Rootकॢप्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī-Maheśvara
B
brāhmaṇa
B
Brahman

Educational Q&A

Upavāsa—taken not merely as abstaining from food but as sustained restraint of the senses—is presented as a constant dharma for a brāhmaṇa. When joined with dharma and artha in a righteous way of life, it qualifies one for Brahman-attainment.

Śrī Maheśvara is instructing about the ethical and spiritual discipline appropriate to a brāhmaṇa, emphasizing continual self-restraint as a religious duty and linking such disciplined living to eligibility for realizing Brahman.