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Shloka 3

Brāhmaṇa-pūjā and Namaskāra: Criteria of Reverence and Non-Offense (ब्राह्मणपूजा-नमस्कारविधिः)

के च स्मृता: प्रतीघाता येन मर्त्यान्‌ न हिंसथ । रक्षोघ्नानि च कानि स्पुर्यर्गुहिषु प्रणश्यथ । श्रोतुमिच्छाम युष्माकं सर्वमेतन्निशाचरा:

ke ca smṛtāḥ pratīghātā yena martyān na hiṃsatha | rakṣoghnāni ca kāni spuryar-guhīṣu praṇaśyatha | śrotum icchāma yuṣmākaṃ sarvam etan niśācarāḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Những biện pháp đối trị nào được truyền nhớ, nhờ đó các vị không làm hại loài người? Và những thần chú diệt quỷ (rakṣo‑ghna) nào mà khi tụng lên sẽ khiến các vị tiêu vong ngay trong nhà ấy—hoặc phải bỏ chạy? Hỡi những kẻ du hành trong đêm, chúng ta muốn nghe hết thảy điều ấy từ chính miệng các vị.”

केwhich (ones)?
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्मृताःare remembered/are said
स्मृताः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ (धातु) → स्मृत (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Passive (PPP sense)
प्रतीघाताःcounter-strokes; countermeasures
प्रतीघाताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतीघात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येनby which
येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
मर्त्यान्mortals; humans
मर्त्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हिंसथyou (pl.) harm/kill
हिंसथ:
TypeVerb
Rootहिंस्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Second, Plural
रक्षोघ्नानिdemon-slaying; rakshasa-destroying
रक्षोघ्नानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरक्षोघ्न (रक्षस् + घ्न)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कानिwhich (ones)?
कानि:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
स्पुर्यunclear (possible corrupt reading)
स्पुर्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्पुर्य (पाठभेद/अस्पष्ट)
गुहिषुin houses
गुहिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगृह
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
प्रणश्यथyou (pl.) perish/are destroyed
प्रणश्यथ:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-नश्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Second, Plural
श्रोतुम्to hear
श्रोतुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु → श्रोतुम्
FormInfinitive
इच्छामःwe wish/desire
इच्छामः:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, First, Plural
युष्माकम्of you (pl.)
युष्माकम्:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Plural
सर्वम्all
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
निशाचराःO night-roamers (rakshasas)!
निशाचराः:
TypeNoun
Rootनिशाचर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
niśācarāḥ (rākṣasas/night-roamers)
M
martyāḥ (human beings)
R
rakṣoghnāni (protective mantras/spells)
G
gṛha (houses/dwellings, implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical inquiry into restraint and protection: it asks what traditional safeguards prevent harm to humans and what protective formulas can neutralize violent forces. It implies that power (even supernatural) is bounded by dharma and can be checked by righteous means.

Bhīṣma addresses night-roaming beings (rākṣasas), questioning them about the countermeasures that stop their attacks on humans and about the specific ‘rakṣoghnā’ mantras that would cause them to be destroyed or driven away from homes, seeking to learn these details directly from them.