Shloka 1

Brāhmaṇa-pūjā and Namaskāra: Criteria of Reverence and Non-Offense (ब्राह्मणपूजा-नमस्कारविधिः)

Devanagari script

अपना बा | अप्--का+ एकत्रिशर्दाधेकशततमो< ध्याय: प्रमथगणोंके द्वारा धर्माधर्मसम्बन्धी रहस्यका कथन भीष्म उवाच ततः सर्वे महाभागा देवाश्न पितरश्न ह । ऋषयश्च महाभागा: प्रमथान्‌ वाक्यमत्रुवन्‌

Transliteration

Bhīṣma uvāca: tataḥ sarve mahābhāgā devāś ca pitaraś ca ha | ṛṣayaś ca mahābhāgāḥ pramathān vākyam abruvan ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: “Tâu Đại vương, sau đó tất cả những bậc hiển hách ấy—các thần, các Tổ phụ (Pitṛ), và những bậc đại hiền giả đầy phúc phần—đã cất lời nói với các Pramatha.”

Word by Word

• भीष्मः: Bhishma
• भीष्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• ततः: then/thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• महाभागाः: highly fortunate/noble
• महाभागाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महाभाग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• देवाः: gods
• देवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पितरः: manes/ancestors
• पितरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• ऋषयः: sages
• ऋषयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• महाभागाः: highly fortunate/noble
• महाभागाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महाभाग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रमथान्: the Pramathas (Shiva’s attendants)
• प्रमथान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रमथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• वाक्यम्: speech/words
• वाक्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अब्रुवन्: spoke/said
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू
• Form: Imperfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Rājan (the King, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira as listener)
• Devāḥ (gods)
• Pitaraḥ (Pitṛs, ancestral Fathers)
• Ṛṣayaḥ (sages)
• Pramathāḥ (Pramathas)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse sets the stage for an authoritative teaching on the subtle distinctions of dharma and adharma by showing that gods, Pitṛs, and sages collectively engage the Pramathas—implying that the forthcoming instruction concerns deep moral-religious principles recognized across cosmic and ancestral orders.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhīṣma, instructing the king, narrates that after a preceding event, the assembled gods, ancestral Fathers, and sages turn to the Pramathas and begin addressing them, introducing the next section of discourse.