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Shloka 59

Vānaprastha-dharma and Tapas: Śiva–Umā Saṃvāda

Forest-Stage Discipline and Austerity

तत्पश्चात्‌ देवराज शतक्रतु इन्द्रने देवमण्डलीके बीचमें अपने सर्वश्रेष्ठ गुरु बृहस्पतिजीसे मधुर वाणीमें कहा-- ।।

tatpaścāt devarājaḥ śatakratur indraḥ devamāṇḍalīke madhye svasyāgraṇyaṃ guruṃ bṛhaspatim madhurayā vācā uvāca— dharmaguhāṃ tu bhagavan mānuṣāṇāṃ sukhāvahām | sa-rahasyāś ca ye doṣās tān yathāvad udīraya ||

Sau đó, Indra—vua chư thiên, lừng danh với trăm lễ tế—giữa hội chúng thần linh, dùng lời êm dịu thưa với bậc thầy tối thượng Bṛhaspati: “Bạch Đấng Tôn quý, xin hãy tuần tự giảng rõ những chiều sâu kín nhiệm của dharma đem lại hạnh phúc cho loài người, và cả những lỗi lầm nảy sinh cùng với các bí yếu ấy.”

धर्मगुहाम्the hidden cave/secret recess of dharma (i.e., dharma’s deep secret)
धर्मगुहाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म-गुहा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
भगवन्O venerable one
भगवन्:
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मानुषाणाम्of humans
मानुषाणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सुखावहम्bringing happiness
सुखावहम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुख-आवह
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
that
:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रहस्यान्secrets/mysteries
रहस्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरहस्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
येwhich
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दोषाःfaults/defects
दोषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदोष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तान्those
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
यथावत्properly/as it truly is
यथावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथावत्
उदीरयdeclare/tell
उदीरय:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-ईर्
FormImperative, Second, Singular

शक्र उवाच

I
Indra (Śakra, Devarāja, Śatakratu)
B
Bṛhaspati
D
Deva-māṇḍalī (assembly of the gods)
D
Dharma

Educational Q&A

Dharma is subtle and has a ‘hidden’ dimension that can promote human well-being, but it also contains pitfalls when treated as mere secret technique or when its subtleties are misunderstood. Indra asks for a careful, orderly exposition of both the inner principles and the possible defects.

In the divine assembly, Indra (Śakra) respectfully approaches his guru Bṛhaspati and requests guidance: to explain the deep, concealed nature of dharma that benefits humans, and to identify the associated faults and dangers, including those connected with esoteric or confidential aspects.