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Shloka 39

Adhyāya 119: Vyāsa–Kīṭa-saṃvāda

Tapas-bala and karmic ascent across yoni

खरीदनेवाला धनके द्वारा, खानेवाला उपभोगके द्वारा और घातक वध एवं बन्धनके द्वारा पशुओंकी हिंसा करता है। इस प्रकार यह तीन तरहसे प्राणियोंका वध होता है ।।

akḥādann anumodaṁś ca bhāva-doṣeṇa mānavaḥ | yo 'numodati hanyantaṁ so 'pi doṣeṇa lipyate ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Kẻ mua gây hại cho loài vật bằng tiền; kẻ ăn gây hại bằng sự hưởng dùng; kẻ giết gây hại bằng việc sát hại và trói buộc. Như vậy, sự sát sinh có ba cách. Dẫu không tự ăn thịt, nhưng nếu tán đồng kẻ ăn, người ấy vì lỗi ở tâm ý mà cũng dự phần tội ăn thịt. Cũng thế, ai tán đồng kẻ giết thì cũng bị vấy nhiễm lỗi bạo hại.”

अखादन्does not eat
अखादन्:
TypeVerb
Rootखाद् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), 3, singular, परस्मैपद, अ- (निषेध)
अनुमोदन्approves, consents
अनुमोदन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + मुद् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), 3, singular, परस्मैपद
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भावदोषेणby the fault of intention/mental disposition
भावदोषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभावदोष
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
मानवःa man, human
मानवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अनुमोदतिapproves
अनुमोदति:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + मुद् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), 3, singular, परस्मैपद
हन्यन्तम्one who is killing / the killer (being in the act of killing)
हन्यन्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु)
Formशतृ (present active participle), masculine, accusative, singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
दोषेणby fault, by sin
दोषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदोष
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
लिप्यतेis tainted, is smeared (with sin)
लिप्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootलिप् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), कर्मणि (passive), 3, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Moral culpability is not limited to the person who performs violence or eats meat; approving, consenting to, or encouraging such acts also creates ethical taint (doṣa), because intention and endorsement (anumodana) bind one to the act’s karma.

In Anushasana Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on dharma. Here he emphasizes the ethics of non-violence and the breadth of responsibility: even indirect participation—through approval—implicates a person in the wrongdoing.