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Shloka 83

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

पूर्व दत्त्वा तु यः कन्यां द्वितीये दातुमिच्छति । सो<पि राजन्‌ मृतो जन्तुः कृमियोनौ प्रजायते

pūrvaṃ dattvā tu yaḥ kanyāṃ dvitīye dātum icchati | so 'pi rājan mṛto jantuḥ kṛmiyonau prajāyate ||

Yudhiṣṭhira nói: “Tâu Đại vương, kẻ nào sau khi đã gả một thiếu nữ cho người thứ nhất, lại còn muốn đem chính thiếu nữ ấy gả cho người thứ hai—kẻ ấy cũng vậy, khi chết sẽ tái sinh vào loài giun. Điều này được tuyên bố là một sự phạm giới nặng nề trong việc hôn phối và bổn phận xã hội.”

पूर्वम्previously/first
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (ददाति)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), active
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
कन्याम्a maiden/daughter
कन्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकन्या
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
द्वितीयेto a second (man/person)
द्वितीये:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वितीय
Formmasculine, dative, singular
दातुम्to give
दातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (ददाति)
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
इच्छतिdesires/wishes
इच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (इच्छति)
Formpresent (लट्), third, singular, active
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
मृतःdead/having died
मृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत (from √मृ)
Formक्त (past passive participle used adjectivally), masculine, nominative, singular
जन्तुःcreature/being
जन्तुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
कृमि-योनौin the womb/species of worms
कृमि-योनौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकृमियोनि
Formfeminine, locative, singular
प्रजायतेis born/arises
प्रजायते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + जन् (जायते)
Formpresent (लट्), third, singular, middle (ātmanepada)

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
R
rājan (the addressed king)
K
kanyā (maiden/bride)

Educational Q&A

The verse warns that violating the integrity of a maiden’s marriage arrangement—by attempting to ‘give’ the same girl again to another man after already giving her—constitutes a serious breach of dharma, bringing severe karmic consequences (symbolized by rebirth in a low form such as worms).

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instructional discourse on dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses a king and cites a moral rule concerning marriage conduct, emphasizing the gravity of reassigning a bride after an initial giving.