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Shloka 39

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

पृथ्वीनाथ! यदि प्राणी इस लोकमें जन्मसे ही पुण्यकर्ममें लगा रहता है तो वह धर्मके फलका आश्रय लेकर उसके अनुसार सुख भोगता है। यदि अपनी शक्तिके अनुसार बाल्यकालसे ही धर्मका सेवन करता है तो वह मनुष्य होकर सदा सुखका अनुभव करता है ।।

pṛthvīnātha! yadi prāṇī ’smin loke janmatas eva puṇyakarmasu lagnaḥ syāt, sa dharmaphalāśrayaṃ labdhvā yathāvidhi sukhaṃ bhuṅkte. yadi ca yathāśakti bālyakālād eva dharmaṃ sevate, sa manuṣyo bhūtvā sadā sukham anubhavati. athāntarā tu dharmasyāpy adharmaṃ upasevate; sukhasyānantaraṃ duḥkhaṃ sa jīvo ’py adhigacchati.

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Ô bậc chúa tể của địa cầu! Nếu một hữu tình trong đời này, ngay từ khi sinh ra, đã chuyên tâm vào nghiệp phước, thì nương tựa nơi quả của dharma mà hưởng hạnh phúc tương xứng. Nếu tùy theo năng lực mà thực hành dharma từ thuở ấu thơ, người ấy làm thân người và thường hằng cảm nhận an lạc. Nhưng nếu giữa đường dharma mà đôi khi lại quay sang adharma, thì sau hạnh phúc, chính hữu tình ấy cũng phải nếm trải sầu khổ.”

अथnow/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
अन्तराin between/occasionally
अन्तरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्तरा
तुbut/however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
धर्मस्यof dharma
धर्मस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अधर्मम्unrighteousness/adharma
अधर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपसेवतेpractises/engages in
उपसेवते:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-सेव्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
सुखस्यof happiness
सुखस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
अनन्तरम्immediately after
अनन्तरम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनन्तर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दुःखम्sorrow/suffering
दुःखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सःhe/that (person)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जीवःliving being
जीवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजीव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अधिगच्छतिattains/experiences
अधिगच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-गम्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
pṛthvīnātha (the king addressed)

Educational Q&A

Consistent commitment to dharma from early life yields sustained well-being, but mixing dharma with occasional adharma disrupts that moral trajectory, bringing sorrow after happiness—an assertion of moral causality (karma) in lived experience.

Yudhiṣṭhira addresses a king (“pṛthvīnātha”) and articulates a principle about ethical conduct: steady virtue supports happiness, whereas intermittent wrongdoing, even amid generally righteous life, leads to subsequent suffering.