Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 28

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

ब॒हस्पतिरुवाच अन्नमश्नन्ति यद्‌ देवा: शरीरस्था नरेश्वर । पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिर्मनस्तथा

bṛhaspatir uvāca | annam aśnanti yad devāḥ śarīrasthā nareśvara | pṛthivī vāyur ākāśam āpo jyotir manas tathā |

Bṛhaspati thưa: “Tâu Đại vương, các vị thần chủ trì trong thân này thọ hưởng chính thức ăn được ăn vào—những vị gắn với đất, nước, thực phẩm, gió, hư không, ánh sáng, và cả tâm. Khi nhờ thức ăn ấy mà các yếu tố trong thân (cùng với tâm) được thỏa mãn viên mãn, thì tinh lực sinh thành mạnh mẽ (retas—tinh dịch/sinh lực) liền phát khởi.”

बृहस्पतिःBṛhaspati
बृहस्पतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबृहस्पति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अश्नन्तिeat
अश्नन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअश्
FormPresent, 3, Plural
यत्which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शरीरस्थाःdwelling in the body
शरीरस्थाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशरीरस्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नरेश्वरO lord of men (king)
नरेश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पृथिवीearth
पृथिवी:
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वायुःwind
वायुः:
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आकाशम्ether/space
आकाशम्:
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आपःwaters
आपः:
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
ज्योतिःlight/fire
ज्योतिः:
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मनःmind
मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथाand likewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

युधिछिर उवाच

B
Bṛhaspati
N
nareśvara (the king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
D
devāḥ (presiding deities within the body)
A
annam (food)
P
pṛthivī
V
vāyu
Ā
ākāśa
Ā
āpaḥ
J
jyotiḥ
M
manas

Educational Q&A

Food is not merely physical intake; it is an offering that sustains the presiding powers of the elements within the body. When nourishment is proper and balanced, the elements and mind become satisfied, producing vitality and generative potency—implying that ethical living includes disciplined, wholesome eating and restraint.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bṛhaspati instructs the king (addressed as nareśvara) on inner physiology and dharma: he explains how the body’s elemental deities ‘consume’ the food eaten, and how their satisfaction leads to the arising of retas (vital generative essence).