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Shloka 1

अन्नदानफलं (Anna-dāna-phala) / The Fruit of Food-Giving

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पावका ई “लोक मिलाकर कुल २१३ “लोक हैं) भीस्न्आ+ज (2) आसन मना नवाधिकशततमो<्ध्याय: प्रत्येक मासकी द्वादशशी तिथिको उपवास और भगवान्‌ विष्णुकी पूजा करनेका विशेष माहात्म्य युधिछिर उवाच सर्वेषामुपवासानां यच्छेय: सुमहत्फलम्‌ । यच्चाप्यसंशयं लोके तनमे त्वं वक्तुमहसि,युधिष्ठिरने कहा--पितामह! समस्त उपवासोंमें जो सबसे श्रेष्ठ और महान्‌ फल देनेवाला है तथा जिसके विषयमें लोगोंको कोई संशय नहीं है, वह आप मुझे बताइये

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: Sarveṣām upavāsānāṁ yac chreyaḥ sumahat phalam | yac cāpy asaṁśayaṁ loke tan me tvaṁ vaktum arhasi ||

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Thưa ông nội, trong mọi phép trai giới, xin người cho con biết phép nào là tối thượng, đem lại quả báo lớn lao nhất—và phép nào được đời tin nhận là không còn nghi hoặc. Xin người giảng rõ cho con.”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सर्वेषाम्of all
सर्वेषाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
उपवासानाम्of fasts
उपवासानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootउपवास
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
यत्which (that)
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
श्रेयःthe best (good)
श्रेयः:
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
सुमहत्very great
सुमहत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुमहत्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
फलम्fruit, result
फलम्:
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
यत्and which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
असंशयम्undoubted, beyond doubt
असंशयम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअसंशय
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative/Genitive, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
वक्तुम्to tell, to say
वक्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormTumun (infinitive)
अर्हसिyou ought (are fit) to
अर्हसि:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (implied by address 'pitāmaha' / grandfather)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharmic inquiry: among many religious observances, one should seek the practice that is both supremely beneficial (śreyaḥ, sumahat phalam) and socially/śāstrically uncontested (asaṁśayam). It highlights discernment in choosing vows, not mere ritual variety.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction-setting, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma as ‘pitāmaha’ and asks him to identify the most excellent and doubt-free form of fasting, preparing the ground for Bhīṣma’s subsequent exposition on a specific vrata/upavāsa and its merit.