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Shloka 8

उपवासफलात्मकविधिः — Upavāsa as Yajña-Equivalent Merit

Angiras Teaching

भीष्म उवाच इदं खलु मया राजन्‌ श्रुतमासीत्‌ पुरातनम्‌ । उपवासविधीौ श्रेष्ठा गुणा ये भरतर्षभ

bhīṣma uvāca idaṃ khalu mayā rājan śrutam āsīt purātanam | upavāsavidhau śreṣṭhā guṇā ye bharatarṣabha ||

Bhīṣma nói: Tâu Đại vương, đây quả là một lời dạy cổ xưa mà trẫm từng được nghe từ thuở trước. Hỡi bậc hùng kiệt của dòng Bharata, ta sẽ nói về những đức hạnh thù thắng thuộc về việc hành trì trai giới (nhịn ăn) đúng pháp—những đức hạnh làm tinh luyện sự tự chế và nâng đỡ Dharma.

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
खलुindeed
खलु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootखलु
मयाby me / by myself
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
श्रुतम्heard
श्रुतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormPast passive participle (kta), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पुरातनम्ancient / of old
पुरातनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुरातन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उपवासविधौin the procedure/rule of fasting
उपवासविधौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootउपवासविधि
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
श्रेष्ठाःexcellent / best
श्रेष्ठाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गुणाःqualities / merits
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येwhich
ये:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas (best of Bharatas)
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira

Educational Q&A

Bhishma frames fasting (upavāsa) as a dharmic discipline with specific 'excellent virtues'—a traditional teaching meant to cultivate restraint, purity, and ethical steadiness rather than mere physical deprivation.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction-setting, Bhishma addresses King Yudhishthira and introduces an ancient account he has heard, preparing to explain the proper method and merits of fasting as part of righteous conduct.