Shloka 31

उपवासफलात्मकविधिः — Upavāsa as Yajña-Equivalent Merit

Angiras Teaching

Devanagari script

इति मासा नरव्याघ्र क्षिपतां परिकीर्तिता: । तिथीनां नियमा ये तु शृणु तानपि पार्थिव

Transliteration

iti māsā naravyāghra kṣipatāṃ parikīrtitāḥ | tithīnāṃ niyamā ye tu śṛṇu tān api pārthiva puruṣasiṃha ||

Translation

Aṅgiras nói: “Vậy đó, hỡi bậc hổ trong loài người, các tháng và quả báo dành cho người giữ hạnh một bữa đã được ta nêu rõ. Nay, hỡi đại vương—sư tử giữa loài người—hãy nghe tiếp những quy định liên quan đến các ngày âm lịch (tithi).”

Word by Word

• {'iti': 'thus

• in this manner (concluding what was said)', 'māsāḥ': 'months', 'naravyāghra': 'tiger among men

• a heroic epithet for the king', 'kṣipatām': 'of those who observe (a vow/discipline)

• here referring to practitioners of the one-meal observance as previously described', 'parikīrtitāḥ': 'have been declared

• have been enumerated', 'tithīnām': 'of the tithis

• lunar days', 'niyamāḥ': 'rules

• regulations', 'ye tu': 'which indeed

• those which', 'śṛṇu': 'listen', 'tān api': 'those also', 'pārthiva': 'earth-lord

• king', 'puruṣasiṃha': 'lion among men

Speaker

अंगियरा उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Aṅgiras
• Pārthiva (the king addressed)
• Naravyāghra (epithet of the addressee)
• Puruṣasiṃha (epithet of the addressee)
• Māsa (months)
• Tithi (lunar days)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

After explaining the month-wise fruits of the one-meal vow, the teacher transitions to the next layer of dharma: the disciplined observance of tithis (lunar days), emphasizing that ethical-religious practice is structured by sacred time and rule-governed restraint.

What is happening in the narrative?

Aṅgiras, in a didactic exchange, addresses a king with honorific epithets and concludes his account of month-based results for a vow, then invites the listener to hear the subsequent instructions concerning tithi-based regulations.