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Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 148

ज्येष्ठ-कनिष्ठ-धर्मः — Duties of Elders and Juniors

Anuśāsana-parva 108

गान्धर्वशास्त्रं च कला: परिज्ञेया नराधिप । पुराणमितिहासाश्च॒ तथाख्यानानि यानि च

gāndharvaśāstraṃ ca kalāḥ parijñeyā narādhipa | purāṇam itihāsāś ca tathākhyānāni yāni ca ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Tâu Đại vương, ngài cũng nên tinh thông khoa học âm nhạc (Gāndharva-śāstra) và các nghệ thuật. Cũng vậy, ngài nên am tường các Purāṇa, các Itihāsa (những thiên truyện lịch sử), cùng mọi loại truyền thuyết, dã sử và chuyện kể cổ truyền khác.”

गान्धर्वशास्त्रम्the science of music (Gandharva-śāstra)
गान्धर्वशास्त्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगान्धर्वशास्त्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कलाःarts
कलाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकला
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
परिज्ञेयाःto be learned / should be known
परिज्ञेयाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि-ज्ञा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
नराधिपO king (lord of men)
नराधिप:
TypeNoun
Rootनराधिप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पुराणम्Purāṇa
पुराणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुराण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इतिहासाःhistories / epics
इतिहासाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइतिहास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तथाlikewise / also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
आख्यानानिnarratives / tales
आख्यानानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआख्यान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
यानिwhich
यानि:
TypeAdjective
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
narādhipa (the king addressed, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira)
G
Gāndharvaśāstra
P
Purāṇa
I
Itihāsa

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches that a king’s education should be comprehensive: along with governance and dharma, he should master cultural disciplines (music and arts) and be grounded in traditional narrative knowledge (Purāṇas, Itihāsas, and other ākhyānas), which shape ethical judgment and public leadership.

In the Anuśāsana-parvan’s instruction section, Bhīṣma continues advising the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) on the qualities and learning appropriate for a ruler, listing fields of knowledge—music, arts, and traditional sacred-historical narratives—that should be studied.