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Shloka 42

Tapas-śreṣṭhatā: Anāśana as the Highest Austerity

Bhagīratha–Brahmā Saṃvāda

काम यथादद्विहितं विधात्रा पृष्टेन वाच्यं तु मया यथावत्‌ | तपो हि नान्यच्चानशनान्मतं मे नमोस्तु ते देववर प्रसीद

kāmaṃ yathādad dvihitaṃ vidhātrā pṛṣṭena vācyaṃ tu mayā yathāvat | tapo hi nānyac cānaśanān mataṃ me namo 'stu te deva-vara prasīda ||

Bhagīratha thưa: “Muôn tâu Đấng Chúa tể chư thiên, con đã nghiêm cẩn giữ giới nhịn ăn đúng như Đấng Tạo Hóa đã định, theo lời nguyện của chính con. Vì Ngài hỏi, con phải nói mọi điều đúng như thật; nên con đã thưa hết. Theo chỗ con hiểu, không có khổ hạnh nào lớn hơn việc nhịn ăn. Con cúi lạy Ngài, bậc tối thượng trong các thần—xin thương xót con.”

कामम्desire / wish (as intended)
कामम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यथाas / according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
आदत्gave / granted
आदत्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (आ-दा)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
विहितम्ordained / prescribed
विहितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-धा (PPP: विहित)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
विधात्राby the creator / ordainer
विधात्रा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविधातृ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पृष्टेनwhen asked / by (your) asking
पृष्टेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootपृच्छ् (PPP: पृष्ट)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाच्यम्to be said / should be spoken
वाच्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवच् (gerundive: वाच्य)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तुbut / indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
यथावत्properly / as it is
यथावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथावत्
तपःausterity / penance
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed / for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यत्other (anything else)
अन्यत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनशनात्than fasting / from fasting
अनशनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअनशन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
मतम्considered / held (as opinion)
मतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमन् (PPP: मत)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
नमःsalutation
नमः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अस्तुlet there be / may it be
अस्तु:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperative (Loṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तेto you / your
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Dative/Genitive, Singular
देववरO best of gods
देववर:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव-वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रसीदbe pleased / show favor
प्रसीद:
TypeVerb
Rootसद् (प्र-सीद्)
FormImperative (Loṭ), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
देवेश्वरO lord of gods
देवेश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव-ईश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भगीरथ उवाच

B
Bhagīratha
V
Vidhātṛ (Creator/Ordainer)
D
Deva-vara (best of gods, addressed deity)

Educational Q&A

The verse elevates disciplined fasting (anaśana) as a supreme form of tapas and links ascetic practice with dharma: when questioned by a higher authority, one should speak truthfully and completely (yathāvat), without concealment.

Bhagīratha addresses a divine being, explaining that he has properly completed the prescribed fast. Because the deity has asked, he reports his actions fully and then offers reverence, requesting the god’s favor.