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Shloka 30

उपदेशदोषप्रसङ्गः (Upadeśa-doṣa-prasaṅgaḥ) — The Risk of Misapplied Counsel

भरतर्षभ! तदनन्तर वह जंगली कुशा, अन्न आदि ओषधि, पवित्र आसन और कुशकी चटाई ले आया ।।

bharatarṣabha! tadanantaraṃ sa jaṅgalīṃ kuśām, anna-ādi oṣadhīḥ, pavitram āsanaṃ ca kuśakīṃ ca caṭikām ājahāra. atha dakṣiṇam āvṛtya bhūmau caramaśaiṣikīm kṛtām anyāyato dṛṣṭvā taṃ śūdram ṛṣir abravīt—

Bhīṣma nói: “Ô bậc hùng dũng của Bharata! Sau đó người ấy mang đến cỏ kuśa mọc hoang, lương thực cùng các dược thảo, một chỗ ngồi đã được tẩy tịnh, và một tấm chiếu bằng kuśa. Rồi quay về phương Nam, người ấy trải trên đất một ‘carama-śaiṣikī’ cho vị Bà-la-môn. Thấy cách làm ấy trái với quy định của śāstra, vị hiền triết liền bảo người Thủ-đà kia rằng…”

athathen
atha:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha
dakṣiṇamto the south / southward
dakṣiṇam:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootdakṣiṇa
Formneuter, accusative, singular
āvṛtyahaving turned (towards)
āvṛtya:
TypeVerb
Rootā√vṛt
Formktvā (absolutive/gerund)
bhūmimthe ground
bhūmim:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootbhūmi
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
carama-śaiṣikīmthe last/lowest kind of mat/seat
carama-śaiṣikīm:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootcarama-śaiṣikā
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
kṛtāmmade / done
kṛtām:
TypeVerb
Root√kṛ
Formkta (past passive participle), feminine, accusative, singular
anyāyataḥwrongly, contrary to rule
anyāyataḥ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootanyāyataḥ
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś
Formktvā (absolutive/gerund)
tamthat (man)
tam:
Karma
TypePronoun
Roottad
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
śūdramthe Śūdra
śūdram:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
ṛṣiḥthe sage
ṛṣiḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣi
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
abravītsaid / spoke
abravīt:
TypeVerb
Root√brū
Formimperfect (laṅ), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Bharatarshabha (Yudhishthira)
A
a rishi (sage)
A
a Shudra
A
a Brahmin
K
kuśa grass
F
food (anna)
M
medicinal herbs (oṣadhī)
P
purified seat (āsana)
K
kuśa mat (caṭikā)
S
southern direction (dakṣiṇa)

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights that ethical and ritual actions (such as how one prepares a seat and the direction faced) are expected to align with śāstric norms; when conduct deviates from prescribed propriety, a learned authority (the ṛṣi) corrects it, emphasizing discipline and accountability in dharma-based practice.

After gathering ritual items—kuśa grass, provisions, herbs, and a purified seat—the person arranges a specific bedding/seat while facing south for a Brahmin. The sage observes this as improper according to śāstra and begins to admonish or instruct the Śūdra responsible for the arrangement.