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Shloka 1

उपदेशदोषप्रसङ्गः (Upadeśa-doṣa-prasaṅgaḥ) — The Risk of Misapplied Counsel

अपन क्राता बछ। अं काज दशमो< ध्याय: अनधिकारीको उपदेश देनेसे हानिके विषयमें एक शूद्र और तपस्वी ब्राह्मणकी कथा युधिछिर उवाच मित्रसौहार्दयोगेन उपदेशं करोति यः । जात्याधरस्य राजर्षेदोषस्तस्य भवेन्न वा

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: mitra-sauhārda-yogena upadeśaṃ karoti yaḥ | jāty-adharasya rājarṣe doṣas tasya bhaven na vā ||

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Bạch bậc vương hiền, nếu một người vì tình bạn và thiện ý mà đem lời chỉ dạy cho kẻ thuộc địa vị xã hội thấp hơn, thì hành vi ấy có khiến người ấy mang lỗi chăng—hay không? Con muốn biết điều này cho đúng. Xin Ngài giảng giải tường tận, vì đường đi của dharma thật vi tế, và con người dễ rơi vào mê lầm về nó.”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
मित्रfriend
मित्र:
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Stem (in compound), Singular
सौहार्दamity, goodwill
सौहार्द:
TypeNoun
Rootसौहार्द
FormNeuter, Stem (in compound), Singular
योगेनby means of, through (connection)
योगेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयोग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
मित्रसौहार्दयोगेनthrough the bond of friendship and goodwill
मित्रसौहार्दयोगेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र-सौहार्द-योग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
उपदेशम्instruction, advice
उपदेशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपदेश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
करोतिdoes, gives
करोति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जातिbirth, caste
जाति:
TypeNoun
Rootजाति
FormFeminine, Stem (in compound), Singular
अधरस्यof a lower (person)
अधरस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootअधर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
जात्याधरस्यof one low by birth/caste
जात्याधरस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootजाति-अधर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
राजर्षेO royal sage
राजर्षे:
TypeNoun
Rootराजर्षि
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दोषःfault, blame
दोषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदोष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof him
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
भवेत्would be, might arise
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Potential), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (addressed implicitly as the elder/grandsire and rājarṣi in context)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical dilemma: whether the moral status of giving guidance depends on the recipient’s social rank, or on the giver’s intention and the nature of the counsel. It highlights that dharma is subtle and must be judged carefully, not by simplistic rules.

Yudhiṣṭhira asks the elder authority (Bhīṣma) to clarify whether a person incurs fault by instructing someone considered socially ‘lower,’ when the instruction is motivated by friendship and goodwill. This question introduces a discussion (and later an illustrative story) about the risks and propriety of giving counsel to the unqualified.