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Shloka 75

Śama-prāptiḥ — Gautamī–Lubdhaka–Pannaga–Mṛtyu–Kāla-saṃvāda

Restraint through the Analysis of Karma and Time

यथा च्छायातपौ नित्यं सुसम्बद्धौ निरन्तरम्‌ । तथा कर्म च कर्ता च सम्बद्धावात्मकर्मभि:

yathā cchāyātapau nityaṃ susambaddhau nirantaram | tathā karma ca kartā ca sambaddhāv ātmakarmabhiḥ ||

Như ánh dương và bóng râm mãi mãi gắn liền, không thể tách rời, thì hành vi và kẻ hành động cũng ràng buộc nhau không gián đoạn—mỗi người tự nối mình với quả báo và sắc thái đạo đức của những việc làm phát sinh từ bản tính và nếp sống của chính mình.

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
च्छायाshadow (and)
च्छाया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootछाया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Dual
आतपौsunshine/heat (and)
आतपौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआतप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
सुसम्बद्धौwell-connected/closely linked
सुसम्बद्धौ:
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-सम्बद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
निरन्तरम्continuously, without break
निरन्तरम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनिरन्तर
तथाso, in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
कर्मaction/deed
कर्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कर्ताdoer/agent
कर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सम्बद्धौconnected/related
सम्बद्धौ:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्बद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
आत्मकर्मभिःby/through their own actions
आत्मकर्मभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural

काल उवाच

K
Kāla (Time/Death personified)
S
shadow (cchāyā)
S
sunlight/heat (ātapa)
K
karma (action)
K
kartā (doer)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches inseparable moral linkage: actions (karma) and the agent (kartā) cannot be separated, just as sunlight and shadow coexist. One remains bound to one’s deeds and their ethical consequences.

Kāla (personified Time/Death) speaks in a didactic mode, using a natural analogy (sunlight and shadow) to explain a moral principle about how the doer is continuously connected to action and its results.