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Shloka 66

Śama-prāptiḥ — Gautamī–Lubdhaka–Pannaga–Mṛtyu–Kāla-saṃvāda

Restraint through the Analysis of Karma and Time

मृत्युने कहा--व्याध! हम दोनों कालके अधीन होनेके कारण विवश हैं। हम तो केवल उसके आदेशका पालनमात्र करते हैं। यदि तुम अच्छी तरह विचार करोगे तो हमलोगोंपर दोषारोपण नहीं करोगे ।।

lubdhaka uvāca | yuvām ubhī kālavaśau yadi me mṛtyupannagau | harṣakrodhau yathā syātām etad icchāmi veditum ||

Người thợ săn nói: “Hỡi Thần Chết và hỡi Rắn, nếu cả hai đều hành động dưới sự thúc bách của Thời gian (Kāla), thì ta muốn hiểu điều này: vì sao trong ta lại nảy sinh niềm vui đối với kẻ làm lợi cho người, và vì sao lại dấy lên cơn giận đối với hai ngươi—những kẻ đem tai hại? Nếu hết thảy đều bị ràng buộc bởi mệnh lệnh của Thời gian, thì dựa vào đâu mà lời khen chê, niềm thích thú và sự oán hờn vẫn còn bám lấy tâm trí?”

लुब्धकःthe hunter
लुब्धकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलुब्धक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
युवाम्you two
युवाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
उभीboth
उभी:
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
कालवशौsubject to Time/fate
कालवशौ:
TypeAdjective
Rootकालवश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
मृत्युःDeath
मृत्युः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पन्नगौtwo serpents
पन्नगौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपन्नग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
हर्षक्रोधौjoy and anger
हर्षक्रोधौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहर्षक्रोध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
यथाhow / in what manner
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
स्याताम्might be / could arise (for the two)
स्याताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, 3, Dual, Parasmaipada
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इच्छामिI wish / desire
इच्छामि:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
वेदितुम्to know
वेदितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormTumun (infinitive)

लुब्धक उवाच

लुब्धक (Lubdhaka, the hunter)
मृत्यु (Mṛtyu, Death personified)
पन्नग (Pannaga, the serpent)

Educational Q&A

The verse raises the ethical problem of responsibility under determinism: even if agents like Death and the Serpent act under Kāla’s command, human beings still experience praise/blame through emotions like joy and anger. It invites reflection on how moral judgment operates when actions are seen as compelled by Time.

The hunter addresses Death and the Serpent directly. After hearing that they merely follow Kāla’s ordinance, he questions why he nonetheless feels happiness toward benefactors and anger toward harmful agents—seeking a principled explanation for these reactions if all are under Time’s control.