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Shloka 2

Adhyāya 196: Droṇa’s Conciliatory Counsel and Karṇa’s Suspicion of Counsel (मन्त्र-नय-विवादः)

ततो यमो दीक्षितस्तत्र राजन्‌ नामारयत्‌ कंचिदपि प्रजानाम्‌ | ततः प्रजास्ता बहुला बभूवु: कालातिपातान्मरणप्रहीणा:,राजन! उस यज्ञकी दीक्षा लेनेके कारण यमराजने मानवप्रजाकी मृत्युका काम बंद कर रखा था। इस प्रकार मृत्युका नियत समय बीत जानेसे सारी प्रजा अमर होकर दिनों-दिन बढ़ने लगी। धीरे-धीरे उसकी संख्या बहुत बढ़ गयी

tato yamo dīkṣitas tatra rājan nāmarayat kañcid api prajānām | tataḥ prajāstā bahulā babhūvuḥ kālātipātān maraṇaprahīṇāḥ ||

Bấy giờ, hỡi Đại vương, Yama—vì đã thọ lễ nhập đàn (dīkṣā) cho tế lễ ấy—không khiến một ai trong loài người phải chết. Khi thời hạn tử vong đã định trôi qua mà không ứng nghiệm, dân chúng thoát khỏi cái chết, và ngày qua ngày sinh sôi nảy nở, số lượng tăng lên vô cùng.

ततःthen/from that time
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
यमःYama (lord of death)
यमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दीक्षितःinitiated (having taken consecration)
दीक्षितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदीक्षित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नामindeed/just (emphatic particle)
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
आरयत्he caused to cease/held back (stopped)
आरयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-रि
FormImperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कंचित्anyone/someone
कंचित्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
प्रजानाम्of the creatures/subjects
प्रजानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
प्रजाःthe creatures/people
प्रजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
ताःthose
ताः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
बहुलाःmany/numerous
बहुलाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुल
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
बभूवुःbecame
बभूवुः:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPerfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
कालातिपातात्from the passing of the (appointed) time
कालातिपातात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकालातिपात
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
मरणप्रहीणाःdevoid of death (freed from dying)
मरणप्रहीणाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमरण-प्रहीण
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
Y
Yama
K
King (rājan)
P
prajāḥ (the people/subjects)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights that even a temporary suspension of a cosmic function (death), when tied to ritual consecration and dharmic constraints, disrupts balance: without mortality, population swells unchecked. It implies that dharma includes maintaining cosmic order, not merely individual benefit.

Vyāsa tells the king that Yama, while under dīkṣā for a sacrificial context, refrained from taking any lives. As the destined times of death passed unused, people effectively became deathless and their numbers increased greatly.