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Shloka 1

Adhyāya 196: Droṇa’s Conciliatory Counsel and Karṇa’s Suspicion of Counsel (मन्त्र-नय-विवादः)

व्यासजीने कहा--पांचालनरेश! पूर्व कालकी बात है, नैमिषारण्य क्षेत्रमें देवता लोग एक यज्ञ कर रहे थे। उस समय वहाँ सूर्यपुत्र यम शामित्र (यज्ञ)-कार्य करते थे

vyāsa uvāca—pāñcālanareśa! pūrva-kālasya vṛttānto 'yam; naimiṣāraṇya-kṣetre devāḥ yajñaṃ kurvanti sma. tasmin kāle tatra sūrya-putraḥ yamaḥ śāmitraḥ (yajña)-kāryaṃ karoti sma.

Vyāsa nói: “Hỡi vua xứ Pañcāla, đây là chuyện từ thời thượng cổ. Tại miền thánh địa Naimiṣāraṇya, chư thiên đang cử hành một đại tế lễ. Khi ấy, Yama—con của Thái Dương—có mặt nơi đó, giữ vai trò chủ tế và đảm nhiệm các nghi sự của đàn tế.”

व्यासःVyasa
व्यासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
पाञ्चाल-नरेशO king of Panchala
पाञ्चाल-नरेश:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपाञ्चाल-नरेश
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पूर्वेin former (times)
पूर्वे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
कालेin time/once
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
नैमिष-अरण्य-क्षेत्रेin the Naimisha-forest region
नैमिष-अरण्य-क्षेत्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनैमिष-अरण्य-क्षेत्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यज्ञम्a sacrifice
यज्ञम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुर्वन्तिwere performing/do
कुर्वन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Third, Plural
तदाthen/at that time
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
सूर्य-पुत्रःthe son of the Sun
सूर्य-पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य-पुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यमःYama
यमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शामित्रःShamitra (a name/epithet)
शामित्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशामित्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यज्ञ-कार्यम्sacrificial duty/ritual work
यज्ञ-कार्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ-कार्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कुर्वन्doing/performing
कुर्वन्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, Third, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyasa
P
Panchala king (Pāñcālanareśa)
N
Naimisharanya (Naimiṣāraṇya)
D
Devas (gods)
Y
Yama (son of Surya)
S
Surya (the Sun)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds dharma through yajña: cosmic and social order is sustained by disciplined ritual duty, and even great deities like Yama are portrayed as performing service within a sacred rite, modeling responsibility and moral order.

Vyasa begins an ancient-time episode addressed to the king of Panchala, setting the scene in Naimisharanya where the gods are conducting a sacrifice, with Yama acting as the officiant performing the yajña-related work.