Shloka 43

Āvāhāryaka-Śrāddha: Qualifications of Recipients, Paṅkti-Pāvana, and Exclusions

Devanagari script

अनपत्यः कूटसाक्षी याचको रङ्गजीवकः / समुद्रयायी कृतहा तथा समयभेदकः

Transliteration

anapatyaḥ kūṭasākṣī yācako raṅgajīvakaḥ / samudrayāyī kṛtahā tathā samayabhedakaḥ

Translation

Kẻ không có con; kẻ làm chứng gian; kẻ hành khất làm nghề; kẻ sống bằng nghề diễn trên sân khấu; kẻ vượt biển; kẻ giết người theo hợp đồng (sát thủ thuê); và kẻ phá vỡ giao ước hay quy ước đã lập — những điều ấy được kể là nếp sống đáng chê trách.

Word by Word

• a-napatyaḥ: childless
• a-napatyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a- (उपसर्ग/नञ्) + napatya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नञ्-समास/निषेध—'अपत्यं नास्ति यस्य'

• kūṭa-sākṣī: false witness
• kūṭa-sākṣī: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kūṭa (प्रातिपदिक) + sākṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः—'कूटः साक्षी' (false witness)

• yācakaḥ: beggar
• yācakaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yācaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• raṅga-jīvakaḥ: one who lives by acting/stage
• raṅga-jīvakaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: raṅga (प्रातिपदिक) + jīvaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—'रङ्गेन जीवति' (stage-performer by livelihood)

• samudra-yāyī: sea-traveller
• samudra-yāyī: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samudra (प्रातिपदिक) + yāyin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—'समुद्रे यायि' (sea-voyager)

• kṛta-hā: murderer (kṛtahā)
• kṛta-hā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṛta (कृदन्त) + han (धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—'कृतं हन्ति/हता' (killer of one who has done service / murderer); lexical kṛtahā

• tathā: also
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/प्रकार

• samaya-bhedakaḥ: breaker of a pact/contract
• samaya-bhedakaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samaya (प्रातिपदिक) + bhedaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—'समयं भिनत्ति' (breaker of agreement)

Speaker

Sūta (narrator) relating the Purāṇic teaching on dharma and adharma as taught by the tradition

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

More Details (4 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

This verse does not directly define Ātman; it frames the ethical ground (dharma/adharma) that purifies conduct, which the Kurma Purana treats as a prerequisite for higher knowledge and yoga-oriented realization.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

No specific meditation is taught here; instead it lists blameworthy livelihoods and breaches of truth/contract, implying that yama-like restraints (truthfulness, non-harming, integrity) are foundational for any Kurma Purana yoga path, including later Pāśupata-oriented discipline.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

It does not explicitly mention Śiva or Viṣṇu; it contributes to the shared dharma-ethic upheld across Śaiva–Vaiṣṇava synthesis in the Kurma Purana, where moral restraint supports devotion and liberating knowledge.