Shloka 33

Commencement of the Upari-bhāga: The Sages Request Brahma-vidyā; Vyāsa Recalls the Badarikā Inquiry and Śiva–Viṣṇu Theophany

Devanagari script

जयेश्वर महादेव जय भूतपते शिव / जयाशेषमुनीशान तपसाभिप्रपूजित

Transliteration

jayeśvara mahādeva jaya bhūtapate śiva / jayāśeṣamunīśāna tapasābhiprapūjita

Translation

Khải hoàn thay, hỡi Īśvara, Mahādeva! Khải hoàn thay, hỡi Śiva, Bhūtapati, Chúa tể muôn loài! Khải hoàn thay, bậc tối thượng giữa các hiền thánh, đấng được tôn thờ bằng tapas khổ hạnh!

Word by Word

• जय: victory (to you)! hail!
• जय: सम्बोधन-प्रयोग (Vocative exclamation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: जय (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (interjection/particle of benediction)

• ईश्वर: O Lord
• ईश्वर: सम्बोधन (Sambodhana/Vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), एकवचन

• महादेव: O Mahādeva
• महादेव: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: महादेव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• जय: hail!
• जय: सम्बोधन-प्रयोग
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: जय (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (benedictive interjection)

• भूत-पते: O Lord of beings
• भूत-पते: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (प्रातिपदिक) + पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—भूतानां पतिः

• शिव: O Śiva
• शिव: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• जय: hail!
• जय: सम्बोधन-प्रयोग
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: जय (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (benedictive interjection)

• अशेष-मुनि-ईशान: O ruler of all sages
• अशेष-मुनि-ईशान: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: अशेष (प्रातिपदिक) + मुनि (प्रातिपदिक) + ईशान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—अशेषाणां मुनीनां ईशानः

• तपसा: by austerity
• तपसा: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• अभि-प्र-पूजित: worshipped greatly (with reverence)
• अभि-प्र-पूजित: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa of ईश्वर/शिव)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि-प्र-पूज् (धातु) + क्त (प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; उपसर्गौ—अभि, प्र

Speaker

Sages (Ṛṣis) praising Lord Śiva within the Īśvara-gītā setting narrated in the Kurma Purana

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

Characters & Entities

• Shiva
• Mahadeva
• Ishvara
• Bhutapati
• Munishana

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

By acclaiming Śiva as Īśvara—the sovereign Lord revered by sages—the verse points to a supreme spiritual principle recognized through realization and disciplined practice, not merely ritual.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

Tapas (austerity/ascetic discipline) is emphasized as a primary means of worship—suggesting inner purification, restraint, and sustained spiritual effort aligned with Pāśupata-oriented devotion.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

Within the Kurma Purana’s synthesizing theology, such hymns elevate Śiva as Īśvara in a way compatible with the Purana’s broader non-sectarian framing—where supreme lordship is approached through unified devotion and yogic discipline.