Shloka 102

Mukti-tattva Upadeśa: Knowledge as the Direct Cause of Liberation

Devanagari script

तत्त्वज्ञस्यान्तिमं कृत्यं शृणु वक्ष्यामि ते ऽधुना / येन मोक्षमवाप्नोति ब्रह्म निर्वाणसंज्ञकम्

Transliteration

tattvajñasyāntimaṃ kṛtyaṃ śṛṇu vakṣyāmi te 'dhunā / yena mokṣamavāpnoti brahma nirvāṇasaṃjñakam

Translation

Hãy nghe đây, nay ta sẽ nói cho ngươi về bổn phận tối hậu của bậc tri chân lý—nhờ đó đạt giải thoát, tức cảnh giới Phạm (Brahman) được gọi là nirvāṇa.

Word by Word

• तत्त्वज्ञस्य: of the knower of truth
• तत्त्वज्ञस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तत्त्वज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; समासः तत्त्व + ज्ञ (तत्पुरुष)

• अन्तिमम्: final
• अन्तिमम्: कर्मविशेषण (Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्तिम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषणम्

• कृत्यम्: duty, act to be done
• कृत्यम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• शृणु: listen
• शृणु: आज्ञार्थक क्रिया (Imperative action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• वक्ष्यामि: I will tell
• वक्ष्यामि: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• ते: to you
• ते: सम्प्रदान (Sampradana/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया/चतुर्थी (2nd/Acc or 4th/Dat), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• अधुना: now
• अधुना: कालाधिकरण (Adhikarana of time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधुना (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• येन: by which
• येन: करण (Karana/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; सम्बन्धक-प्रयोगः (relative)

• मोक्षम्: liberation
• मोक्षम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मोक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• अवाप्नोति: attains
• अवाप्नोति: क्रिया (Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव + आप् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• ब्रह्म: Brahman
• ब्रह्म: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• निर्वाणसंज्ञकम्: called ‘nirvāṇa’
• निर्वाणसंज्ञकम्: कर्तृविशेषण (Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निर्वाण + संज्ञक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः निर्वाणस्य संज्ञा यस्य (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: There is a culminating practice/duty for the tattvajña that leads to mokṣa—Brahman described as nirvāṇa.

Vedantic Theme: Nirvāṇa as brahma-prāpti; the 'final duty' aligns with antakāla-sādhana and consummation of knowledge in direct realization.

Application: Prepare a deliberate end-of-life spiritual protocol: simplify obligations, stabilize mind, and orient practice toward non-attachment and contemplation of Brahman.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: teaching assembly (implied)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.49.103-104 (antakāla cutting of craving; secluded seated practice)

Characters & Entities

• Brahman
• Nirvana

FAQs

What is the importance of the 'final duty' (antima kṛtya) in this Garuda Purana verse?

It points to the culminating practice for a truth-knower—an instruction aimed not merely at merit, but at moksha, culminating in the Brahman-state termed nirvāṇa.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul toward liberation?

It frames liberation as attainable through a specific concluding discipline taught by Vishnu, where the goal is Brahman-realization (nirvāṇa), transcending ordinary post-death outcomes.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Prioritize truth-seeking and steady spiritual discipline with the explicit aim of liberation—aligning actions and contemplation toward Brahman-realization rather than only ritual results.