Shloka 11

Vīrya, Māyā/Prakṛti, Śrī’s Inseparability, Paramāṇu, and Hari’s Infinitude

Devanagari script

उभौ तौ निरयं यातो यावदाचन्द्रतारकम् / साक्षाद्धरिः पुरुषः पिङ्गलाक्षः स्वमायायां गुणमय्यां महात्मा / स्वपौरुषेणैव सुमङ्गलेन अधात्तु वीर्यं भगवान्वीर्यवांश्च

Transliteration

ubhau tau nirayaṃ yāto yāvadācandratārakam / sākṣāddhariḥ puruṣaḥ piṅgalākṣaḥ svamāyāyāṃ guṇamayyāṃ mahātmā / svapauruṣeṇaiva sumaṅgalena adhāttu vīryaṃ bhagavānvīryavāṃśca

Translation

Cả hai đều sa vào địa ngục, lâu dài cho đến khi trăng sao còn tồn tại. Nhưng chính Hari—Đấng Tối Thượng, bậc Đại Ngã mắt màu vàng nâu—an trụ trong Māyā của Ngài, cấu thành bởi các guṇa; và bằng năng lực cát tường của chính Ngài, Bhagavān ban vīrya và sức mạnh—Ngài là Đấng đầy uy lực.

Word by Word

• ubhau: both (two)
• ubhau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ubhā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual (द्विवचन)

• tau: those two
• tau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual (द्विवचन); demonstrative pronoun

• nirayam: to hell
• nirayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: niraya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• yātau: (they) went / having gone
• yātau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: yā (धाातु) + kta (क्त) → yāta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual (द्विवचन); used predicatively = 'having gone'

• yāvat: until
• yāvat: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yāvat (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya; temporal limit marker (पर्यन्तार्थक-अव्यय)

• ā-candra-tārakam: up to (the time of) the moon and stars
• ā-candra-tārakam: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: candra (प्रातिपदिक) + tāraka (प्रातिपदिक) with ā- (उपसर्ग)
• Form: Avyayībhāva-like adverbial usage; compound meaning 'up to the moon and stars'; form used adverbially with yāvat

• sākṣāt: directly, manifestly
• sākṣāt: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sākṣāt (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• hariḥ: Hari (Vishnu)
• hariḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• puruṣaḥ: the Person (Supreme)
• puruṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to hariḥ

• piṅgala-akṣaḥ: brown-eyed
• piṅgala-akṣaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: piṅgala (प्रातिपदिक) + akṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); karmadhāraya 'having tawny/brown eyes' qualifying hariḥ

• sva-māyāyām: in his own māyā
• sva-māyāyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक) + māyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); 'in his own māyā'

• guṇa-mayyām: consisting of the guṇas
• guṇa-mayyām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: guṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + mayī (प्रातिपदिक/तद्धित)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying māyāyām

• mahātmā: the great-souled one
• mahātmā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); epithet of hariḥ

• sva-pauruṣeṇa: by his own prowess
• sva-pauruṣeṇa: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक) + pauruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); 'by his own prowess'

• eva: indeed, only
• eva: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; emphasis particle (निश्चयार्थक/अवधारण)

• su-maṅgalena: with auspicious (power)
• su-maṅgalena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: su (उपसर्ग/प्रातिपदिक) + maṅgala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); adverbial-instrumental 'with auspiciousness'

• adhāttu: he placed/infused
• adhāttu: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dhā (धाातु) with adhi- (उपसर्ग)
• Form: Aorist/लुङ् (लुङ्-लकार), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• vīryam: power, potency
• vīryam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhagavān: the Blessed Lord
• bhagavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• vīrya-vān: powerful
• vīrya-vān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vīrya (प्रातिपदिक) + vat (तद्धित प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); possessive adjective

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (Hari) speaking to Garuda (Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Naraka

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Corrupt guru–disciple conduct yields severe, prolonged demerit; yet Hari remains the supreme controller, operating through guṇa-mayī māyā and granting strength by His own auspicious power.

Vedantic Theme: Īśvara as māyā-upādhi (guṇa-mayī) yet untouched; karma-phala operates within māyā; śakti (vīrya) as divine dispensation.

Application: Treat spiritual relationships as ethically weighty; avoid deceit and volatility; remember that all capacities ultimately depend on Īśvara—cultivate humility and devotion.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: otherworldly region

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: detailed naraka descriptions and karma-phala logic (general parallel to ‘both go to hell’ motif); Garuda Purana: teachings on māyā/guṇa and Viṣṇu’s supremacy in cosmological sections

Characters & Entities

• Hari (Vishnu)
• Naraka (hell)
• Maya
• Gunas
• Moon
• Stars

FAQs

What is the importance of Naraka (hell) duration in Garuda Purana?

This verse uses the phrase “yāvad ā-candra-tārakam” to stress the gravity and long continuity of karmic consequences, portraying Naraka as a prolonged result of actions rather than a momentary punishment.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul after death?

It implies that beings can fall into Naraka due to karma, while simultaneously affirming that the cosmic order operates within the Lord’s guṇa-made Māyā—meaning the afterlife journey unfolds under a lawful, divinely governed system.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Live with dharmic restraint and accountability for actions (karma), and cultivate devotion and ethical effort, recognizing that divine order (Māyā and guṇas) governs results while auspicious conduct supports inner strength and right outcomes.