Shloka 42

Jñāna-hetu-nirūpaṇa

On the Causes/Means of Knowledge

Devanagari script

अपरोक्षानन्तरं तु नास्त्यज्ञानं न संशयः / शतजन्मसु देवेश अपरोक्षेण सर्वदा

Transliteration

aparokṣānantaraṃ tu nāstyajñānaṃ na saṃśayaḥ / śatajanmasu deveśa aparokṣeṇa sarvadā

Translation

Nhưng sau khi có tri kiến trực chứng (aparokṣa-jñāna), thì không còn vô minh cũng chẳng còn nghi hoặc—không hề nghi ngờ. Ôi Chúa tể các thần, dẫu trải qua trăm đời, trực chứng ấy vẫn luôn hiện tiền.

Word by Word

• aparokṣa-anantaram: immediately after direct realization
• aparokṣa-anantaram: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: aparokṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + anantara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyayībhāva compound used adverbially: 'immediately after direct realization'

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Nipāta/particle (निपात)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Pratiṣedha (negation particle)

• asti: exists
• asti: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √as (अस् धातु)
• Form: Laṭ (present), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; 'is/exists'

• ajñānam: ignorance
• ajñānam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ajñāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Prathamā, Ekavacana; subject of 'asti' under negation

• na: no/not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Pratiṣedha (negation particle)

• saṃśayaḥ: doubt
• saṃśayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃśaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; 'doubt' (elliptic: 'there is no doubt')

• śata-janmasu: in a hundred births
• śata-janmasu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śata (प्रातिपदिक) + janman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Saptamī (7th/सप्तमी), Bahuvacana; locative: 'in (the course of) a hundred births'

• deveśa: O Lord of gods
• deveśa: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deveśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Sambodhana (vocative/सम्बोधन), Ekavacana; address

• aparokṣeṇa: by direct realization
• aparokṣeṇa: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aparokṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka (used as abstract), Tṛtīyā (3rd/तृतीया), Ekavacana; instrumental adverbial: 'by/with direct realization'

• sarvadā: always
• sarvadā: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sarvadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Kālavyaya (temporal adverb)

Speaker

Garuda (Vinata-putra) addressing Lord Vishnu (Devesha)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Aparokṣa-jñāna eliminates ignorance and doubt without remainder; such realization is stable and not negated by the passage of births.

Vedantic Theme: Avidyā-nivṛtti through immediate knowledge; jñāna-niṣṭhā and the irreversibility of true realization (doubtless clarity).

Application: Aim for direct realization rather than mere conceptual certainty; test understanding by whether doubt and confusion actually subside; stabilize insight through contemplation and devotion.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.12.40-41 (ignorance dispelled; ajñāna as absence of aparokṣa)

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Vishnu
• Devas

FAQs

What is the importance of aparokṣa-jñāna in the Garuda Purana?

This verse states that once direct realization arises, ignorance and doubt cannot remain; it is presented as a decisive turning-point toward liberation.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It emphasizes inner realization rather than external uncertainty: when knowledge becomes immediate (aparokṣa), the soul’s confusion ends, supporting steady progress toward freedom.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Cultivate clarity through disciplined study, contemplation, and meditation so that understanding becomes lived certainty—reducing doubt-driven actions and strengthening ethical steadiness.