Shloka 2

Puṣparāga, Padmarāga, Kaukaṇṭaka, and Indranīla: Origins, Visual Marks, Value, and Phala

Devanagari script

आपीतपाण्डुरुचिरः पाषाणः पद्मरागसंज्ञस्तु / कौकण्टकनामा स्यात्स एव यदि लोहितापीतः

Transliteration

āpītapāṇḍuruciraḥ pāṣāṇaḥ padmarāgasaṃjñastu / kaukaṇṭakanāmā syātsa eva yadi lohitāpītaḥ

Translation

Một viên đá rực đẹp với ánh vàng nhạt được gọi là “Padmarāga”. Chính viên ấy, nếu hiện sắc vàng pha đỏ, thì được gọi là “Kaukaṇṭaka”.

Word by Word

• आपीतपाण्डुरुचिरः: pleasing with a pale-yellow hue
• आपीतपाण्डुरुचिरः: Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आपीत (प्रातिपदिक) + पाण्डुर (प्रातिपदिक) + रुचिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — masculine nominative singular; बहुपद-कर्मधारय (आपीतः च पाण्डुरः च रुचिरः च)

• पाषाणः: stone, gem-stone
• पाषाणः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाषाण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — masculine nominative singular

• पद्मरागसंज्ञः: called ‘padmarāga’
• पद्मरागसंज्ञः: Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पद्मराग (प्रातिपदिक) + संज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — masculine nominative singular; तत्पुरुष (पद्मराग-इति संज्ञा यस्य)

• तु: indeed
• तु: Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (निपात) — particle

• कौकण्टकनामा: having the name ‘kaukaṇṭaka’
• कौकण्टकनामा: Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कौकण्टक (प्रातिपदिक) + नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — masculine nominative singular; तत्पुरुष (कौकण्टक इति नाम यस्य)

• स्यात्: would be
• स्यात्: Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन — may be/would be

• सः: that (stone)
• सः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — masculine nominative singular

• एव: indeed, exactly
• एव: Emphasis particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (निपात/अवधारण) — emphatic particle

• यदि: if
• यदि: Condition marker
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (सम्बन्ध/शर्त) — conditional conjunction

• लोहितापीतः: reddish-yellow
• लोहितापीतः: Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: लोहित (प्रातिपदिक) + आपीत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — masculine nominative singular; कर्मधारय (लोहितः च आपीतः च)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (addressing Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Lakṣaṇa-jñāna: knowledge through observable qualities (ruci/varṇa) leading to correct designation (saṃjñā).

Vedantic Theme: Nāma-rūpa correspondence: correct naming depends on accurate apprehension of form/qualities.

Application: Identify padmarāga by pale-yellow sheen per this passage; distinguish the reddish-yellow variant as kaukaṇṭaka; document color under consistent light.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: 1.74.3–1.74.4 elaborating color/clarity and related gem names

FAQs

What is the importance of Padmarāga and Kaukaṇṭaka in the Garuda Purana?

This verse preserves a traditional classification of gemstones by observable color-tones, distinguishing Padmarāga (pale-yellow sheen) from Kaukaṇṭaka (reddish-yellow).

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not address afterlife doctrine here; the verse belongs to a descriptive section on material classifications (gems/stones) rather than the preta or yama narratives.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a textual reference for identifying traditional gemstone categories by hue—helpful for Sanskrit study, cataloging manuscripts, or documenting Purāṇic gem-terminology.