Shloka 54

Brahma-vidyā through Yoga: Restraint, Pranava Japa, and Samādhi leading to Mokṣa

Devanagari script

साङ्ख्यज्ञानेन योगेन वेदान्तश्रवणेन च / प्रत्यक्षतात्मनो या हि सा मुक्तिरभिधीयते / अनात्मन्यात्मरूपत्वमसतः सत्स्वरूपता

Transliteration

sāṅkhyajñānena yogena vedāntaśravaṇena ca / pratyakṣatātmano yā hi sā muktirabhidhīyate / anātmanyātmarūpatvamasataḥ satsvarūpatā

Translation

Nhờ trí phân biệt của Sāṅkhya, nhờ Yoga, và nhờ lắng nghe Vedānta, sự chứng tri trực tiếp về Ngã (Ātman) được gọi là giải thoát. Giải thoát là dứt bỏ sự gán “tính Ngã” lên cái phi-Ngã, và chấm dứt việc lầm nhận điều hư vọng như mang bản tính của Chân Thật.

Word by Word

• साङ्ख्यज्ञानेन: by Sāṅkhya knowledge
• साङ्ख्यज्ञानेन: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: साङ्ख्य + ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन — ‘by Sāṅkhya-knowledge’

• योगेन: by yoga
• योगेन: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: योग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन

• वेदान्तश्रवणेन: by hearing Vedānta
• वेदान्तश्रवणेन: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेदान्त + श्रवण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन — ‘by hearing of Vedānta’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• प्रत्यक्षता: direct realization
• प्रत्यक्षता: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रत्यक्षता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन — ‘direct realization/manifestness’

• आत्मनः: of the Self
• आत्मनः: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन — ‘of the Self’

• या: which
• या: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन — relative pronoun ‘which’

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• सा: that
• सा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन — ‘that’

• मुक्तिः: liberation
• मुक्तिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• अभिधीयते: is called
• अभिधीयते: Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि + धा (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive voice) — ‘is called/ is stated’

• अनात्मनि: in the non-self
• अनात्मनि: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन — ‘in the non-self’

• आत्मरूपत्वम्: taking the non-self as Self
• आत्मरूपत्वम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् + रूपत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन — ‘the state of being the form of Self’

• असतः: of the unreal
• असतः: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन — ‘of the unreal’

• सत्स्वरूपता: (and) making it appear as real
• सत्स्वरूपता: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत् + स्वरूपता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन — ‘true nature as real’

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Moksha is aparoksha-atma-sakshatkara; it is the removal of adhyasa—mistaking non-Self as Self and unreal as Real.

Vedantic Theme: Adhyasa-nivritti; sat-asat-viveka; liberation as knowledge (jnana) rather than production of a new state.

Application: Practice viveka (Self/non-Self discrimination), listen to Vedanta with reflection, and apply meditative assimilation; notice and drop identifications with body-mind roles.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.235.53 (Brahman-Atman unity; inner disciplines); Garuda Purana 1.236.2 (bondage destroyed by bodha; karma-kshaya); Garuda Purana 1.236.3 (sad-vichara; jnana-vairagya)

Characters & Entities

• Sāṅkhya
• Yoga
• Vedānta
• Ātman
• Anātman

FAQs

What is the importance of moksha in Garuda Purana?

This verse defines moksha as direct realization of the Self, achieved through discriminative knowledge (Sāṅkhya), yogic discipline, and Vedāntic listening—showing liberation as inner awakening rather than a mere post-death outcome.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It frames the soul’s release as knowledge-based: when confusion between Self and non-Self ends, bondage ends. The journey culminates not in a place, but in clear recognition of the Ātman as immediately known.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Study authentic Vedānta, practice meditation and self-discipline, and cultivate daily discrimination between the changing body-mind and the witnessing Self—reducing fear, attachment, and ethical confusion.