Shloka 24

Yuga-Dharma, Kalpa Measure, Purāṇa Definitions, and the Kali-Yuga Power of Nāma-Kīrtana

Devanagari script

प्रभूतञ्च यदा सत्त्वं मनो बुर्धोन्द्रियाणि च / तदा कृतयुगं विद्याज्ज्ञाने तपसि यद्रतिः

Transliteration

prabhūtañca yadā sattvaṃ mano burdhondriyāṇi ca / tadā kṛtayugaṃ vidyājjñāne tapasi yadratiḥ

Translation

Khi sattva trở nên trội vượt, và tâm, trí cùng các căn cũng thanh tịnh, điều phục, thì nên biết đó là Kṛta Yuga; vì khi ấy khởi lên niềm hoan hỷ trong tri kiến và trong khổ hạnh (tapas).

Word by Word

• प्रभूतम्: abundant, predominant
• प्रभूतम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रभूत (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (सत्त्वम्)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• यदा: when
• यदा: Kala (Time/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (when)

• सत्त्वम्: sattva
• सत्त्वम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• मनः: mind
• मनः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• बुद्धिः: intellect
• बुद्धिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• इन्द्रियाणि: senses
• इन्द्रियाणि: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• तदा: then
• तदा: Kala (Time/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (then)

• कृतयुगम्: the Kṛta-yuga (Satya-yuga)
• कृतयुगम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृत-युग (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; कृतं नाम युगम् इति तत्पुरुषः; कर्म (object of vidyāt)

• विद्यात्: should know (as)
• विद्यात्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative/विधि), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; (one) should know/recognize

• ज्ञाने: in knowledge
• ज्ञाने: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; अधिकरणे

• तपसि: in austerity
• तपसि: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; अधिकरणे

• यत्: which
• यत्: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धक-सर्वनाम (relative)

• रतिः: delight/attachment
• रतिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘यद्’ इत्यस्य विशेष्यः

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Predominance of sattva purifies mind, intellect, and senses; delight in jñāna and tapas indicates Kṛta-yuga quality.

Vedantic Theme: Antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi as prerequisite for liberating knowledge; sattva as the transparent medium for Self-recognition.

Application: Cultivate sattva via disciplined senses, study, meditation, and austerity; treat ‘yuga’ as an inner state to be realized daily.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana teachings on sattva and liberation-oriented conduct

Characters & Entities

• Krita Yuga
• Sattva
• Manas
• Buddhi
• Indriyas

FAQs

What is the importance of Kṛta Yuga in the Garuda Purana?

This verse defines Kṛta Yuga by inner qualities—predominant sattva and a natural attraction to knowledge and austerity—showing that a “yuga” is also recognized through spiritual disposition, not only chronology.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

By emphasizing purified mind, intellect, and senses, the verse points to the inner discipline that supports higher knowledge and tapas—qualities that refine the subtle being and orient the soul toward liberation rather than bondage.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Strengthen sattva through ethical living, moderation, and self-control; then cultivate study/reflection (jñāna) and steady discipline (tapas) so the senses support clarity rather than distraction.