Yuga-Dharma, Kalpa Measure, Purāṇa Definitions, and the Kali-Yuga Power of Nāma-Kīrtana
जनास्तदा दुराचारा भविष्यन्ति च निर्दयाः / सत्त्वं रजस्तम इति दृश्यन्ते पुरुषे गुणाः / कालसञ्चोदितास्ते ऽपि परिवर्तन्त आत्मनि
janāstadā durācārā bhaviṣyanti ca nirdayāḥ / sattvaṃ rajastama iti dṛśyante puruṣe guṇāḥ / kālasañcoditāste 'pi parivartanta ātmani
Khi ấy, con người sẽ trở nên hư hạnh và tàn nhẫn. Trong mỗi người thấy rõ ba guṇa—sattva, rajas và tamas; và ngay cả chúng, bị Thời gian thúc đẩy, vẫn luôn biến đổi trong tự ngã.
Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)
Concept: Guṇas (sattva/rajas/tamas) are observable in persons and continually transform under the impetus of Time; moral conduct reflects guṇic predominance.
Vedantic Theme: Prakṛti’s guṇas in ceaseless modification (pariṇāma) under kāla; the witnessing self should cultivate sattva and disidentify from guṇic turbulence.
Application: Track one’s conduct as a guṇa-indicator; reduce tamas/rajas triggers (cruelty, impulsivity) and intentionally cultivate sattva through diet, company, study, and devotion.
Primary Rasa: bhayanaka
Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa
Related Themes: Garuda Purana yuga/guṇa discussions in Dharma-kāṇḍa contexts
This verse frames human behavior as shaped by the three guṇas, showing that ethical decline arises when rajas and tamas dominate, while dharmic life is supported by sattva.
It states that people become cruel and ill-conducted, and explains the mechanism as the shifting balance of guṇas within individuals, stirred by Kāla (Time).
Cultivate sattva—through truthful speech, compassion, self-restraint, and clean habits—so that time-driven swings toward rajas/tamas do not harden one into cruelty.