Shloka 13

Cikitsā-sāra: Doṣa Nidāna–Lakṣaṇa, Agni, Ajīrṇa/Āma Cikitsā, Daśamūla, and Prognostic Signs

Devanagari script

हेतुलक्षणसंसर्गाद्विद्याद्व्याधिं द्विदोषजम् / सर्वहेतुसमुत्पन्नं त्रिलिङ्गं सान्निपातिकम्

Transliteration

hetulakṣaṇasaṃsargādvidyādvyādhiṃ dvidoṣajam / sarvahetusamutpannaṃ triliṅgaṃ sānnipātikam

Translation

Từ sự kết hợp giữa nguyên nhân và triệu chứng, nên nhận biết bệnh do hai doṣa sinh ra. Còn bệnh phát khởi từ mọi nguyên nhân và mang đủ ba nhóm dấu hiệu thì gọi là sānnipātika (tam doṣa).

Word by Word

• hetulakṣaṇasaṃsargāt: from the conjunction of causes and symptoms
• hetulakṣaṇasaṃsargāt: Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hetu + lakṣaṇa + saṃsarga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन (masculine, ablative singular; ‘from/through association of causes and signs’)

• vidyāt: one should know
• vidyāt: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (3rd person singular; ‘should know’)

• vyādhim: disease
• vyādhim: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyādhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (masculine, accusative singular)

• dvidoṣajam: born of two doṣas
• dvidoṣajam: Karma (Object-Qualifier/कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvi + doṣa + ja (प्रातिपदिक; ज = √जन्/जन् धातु-सम्बद्ध)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (masculine, accusative singular; qualifying vyādhim)

• sarvahetusamutpannam: arisen from all causes
• sarvahetusamutpannam: Karma (Object-Complement/कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva + hetu + samutpanna (कृदन्त; सम्+उत्+पद्/पत्? here ‘समुत्पन्न’ from सम्+उत्+पद्/उत्पद् ‘to arise’ as past participle)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle used adjectivally)

• triliṅgam: having three signs/types
• triliṅgam: Karma (Object-Complement/कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tri + liṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (neuter, nominative/accusative singular)

• sānnipātikam: due to sannipāta (all three doṣas together)
• sānnipātikam: Karma (Object-Complement/कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sannipāta + ika (प्रातिपदिक; सन्निपात = सम्+नि+पत्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (neuter, nominative/accusative singular; describing the disease)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vainateya)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Vata/Pitta/Kapha

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Disease is inferred by correlating hetu (causes) with lakṣaṇa (signs); two-doṣa and tri-doṣa (sānnipātika) conditions are distinguished by sign-sets.

Vedantic Theme: Pramāṇa-oriented discernment: inference from observed marks; ordering multiplicity into intelligible categories.

Application: When symptoms span two doṣas, treat as dvidoṣaja; when all three sign-groups appear, treat as sānnipātika with greater caution and comprehensive balancing.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.168.12 (single-doṣa lakṣaṇas); Garuda Purana 1.168.14 (equilibrium as health); Garuda Purana 1.168.15-16 (doṣa definitions)

Characters & Entities

• Vata
• Pitta
• Kapha
• Sannipata

FAQs

What is the importance of sānnipātika disease in the Garuda Purana?

It highlights the most complex condition—tridoṣa involvement—defined here by ‘three signs’ and ‘all causes,’ guiding practitioners to recognize severity and mixed pathology.

How does this verse explain disease classification?

It classifies illness by doṣic participation: two-doṣa disorders are inferred from combined causes and symptoms, while sānnipātika is identified by the presence of all three doṣic markers.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When symptoms appear mixed or contradictory, the verse advises considering multi-doṣa imbalance and seeking a holistic diagnostic approach rather than one-factor explanations.